Chapter 3 Flashcards
What are visual illusions?
Physical stimuli that consistently produce errors in perception
Nerve cells in the visual system, anywhere from the retina back to the occipital lobe, are known as ______
Visual neurons
What are lateral inhibitors?
surrounding regions of white in a high contrast visual scene that serve to suppress the overall output of cells that correspond to specific regions in the visual field
The information captured on our retinas is _______
Two-dimensional
What is Bottom-Up processing?
The brains process of starting with recognizing the smaller pieces and builds up to the whole.
What does bottom-up processing focus on? What does top-down processing focus on?
What the stimulus is vs. the function/meaning of the stimulus
The multilayered light-sensitive surface in the eye that records electromagnetic energy and converts it to neural impulses for processing in the brain is known as the _______
retina
In the context of visual perception, ________ is the bringing together and integration of what is processed by different neural pathways or cells.
binding
T/F: Rods are found everywhere except in the fovea.
True
The purpose of sensation and perception from an evolutionary perspective is _______
to aid in adaptation that improves a species’ chances for survival.
T/F: The outer ear consists of the pinna and the external auditory canal.
True
Manuel’s ability to distinguish between a trumpet and a trombone and his mother’s voice from his sister’s voice is most likely due to the ________ of these stimuli.
timbre
T/F: the semicircle canals of the inner ear contain the sensory receptors that detect head motion caused when people tilt or move their heads and/or bodies.
True
In the context of sensory receptors, the intensity of the stimulus is communicated to the brain by varying the ________ of action potentials sent to the brain.
frequency
What are sensory receptors?
Hair cells that line the basilar membrane in the ear. Sensory receptors are the openings through which the brain and nervous system experience the world.
A predisposition or readiness to perceive something in a particular way is known as _________
a perceptual set
What is parallel processing?
It is the simultaneous distribution of information across different neural pathways.
If we see a German shepherd standing 30 feet away from us, we recognize that it is just as big as it was when it was much closer to us. This is primarily due to ________
size constancy
What is sensation?
Sensation is the process of receiving stimulus energies from our external environment and transforming those energies into neural energies. Sensation is the way we take in information from the outside world.
What is perception?
Perception is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information so that it makes sense. Perception is the experience of our biological processes interactions with the outside environment, the way we identify meaningful patterns.
