Chapter 2 Flashcards
What is the path that sounds take from the inner ear into the brain?
The inner ear converts sound into electrical signals and the auditory nerves carry these signals through the brain stem and into the thalamus.
Which part of the brain processes incoming sounds and recognizes them as language?
Wernicke’s area
What does the parietal lobe do?
It detects where objects are located in a given space.
Which area of the brain is responsible for planning out the motions your body will make to say words?
The Broca’s area
What does transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) do?
It examines neuronal functioning following brain-injuring events.
What is the axon?
The part of the neuron that carries information away from the cell body toward other cells.
Research suggests that decline in memory is due to what kind of deficiency?
Acetylcholine deficiency
What is the temporal lobe responsible for?
Processing affect/emotions, language, and certain aspects of visual perception
The cell body contains the ________, which directs the manufacture of substances that a neuron needs for growth and maintenance
Nucleus
Molly’s natural hair color is brown, but she has had it dyed blonde. Molly changed her
Phenotype
A team of researchers collected DNA from a group of people with a particular form of cancer and compared it to DNA from a group of people who do not have the disease. They are hoping to determine whether certain genetic variations occur more frequently in those with the disease and, therefore, where on the human genome the disease-causing problem exists. Which of the following is true of the researchers?
The researchers are molecular geneticists
Plasticity best reflects which of the following characteristics of the nervous system?
Adaptability/capacity for change
Which of the following refers to tiny spaces between neurons?
Synapses
The ________ is the outermost part of the cerebral cortex, making up 80 percent of the human brain’s cortex.
Neocortex
In the context of brain tissue implants, what is unique about stem cells?
They can develop into most types of human cells.
Katy was in a car accident and sustained serious brain damage. Since the accident, Katy can speak only one word. This is an example of
Aphasia
The brain and spinal cord make up the ______
central nervous system (CNS)
After finishing a psychology test, you try to relax by engaging in some meditation techniques. Doing these exercises should increase the response of the ________ nervous system, which results in a slower heart and respiration rate and less muscular tension.
Parasympathetic
Matthew, a behavioral psychologist, studies the hunting ability of dogs. He controls the mating of dogs so they exhibit a particular characteristic of hunting. In this scenario, which of the following genetic methods is Matthew most likely using for his study?
Selective breeding
What is the parietal lobe responsible for?
Spatial location, attention, and motor control
What is the occipital lobe responsible for?
Visual perception, including color, form and motion
What is the frontal lobe responsible for?
Voluntary movement, expressive language and for managing higher level executive functions
What are the two primary divisions of the human nervous system?
The central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Where are 99% of all our nerve cells located?
the central nervous system (CNS)
What is the function of our peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
It connects the brain and the spinal cord to other parts of the body. It functions by bringing information to and from the brain/spinal cord and carry out the commands of the CNS to muscular/glandular activities
What are the two major divisions of the PNS?
The somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system
What is the function of the somatic nervous system?
The sensory nerves convey information from the skin/muscles to the CNS to tell us when we are in pain, etc.
The motor nerves function by telling our muscles what to do.
