Chapter 6

Question 1

memory general def

Answer 1

learning that persists over time

Question 2

Process of Retention

Answer 2

Recall - fill in the blank
Recognition - multiple choice
Relearning - time saved when learning something again

Question 3

Encoding -

Answer 3

getting info into the brain

Question 4

Storage -

Answer 4

keeping info in the brain over time

Question 5

Retrieval -

Answer 5

getting info out of the brain

Question 6

Process of recording memories

Answer 6

Sensory memory - sounds, scents
Short term memory - working memory, walking, riding a bike, etc
Long term memory - retrieval

Question 7

Process of working memory

Answer 7

Mostly enters through vision (sometimes other sense)
Processes already stored information
Without focused attention, memories fade (languages)

Question 8

2 levels of processing

Answer 8

Effortful - encoding with attention and effort, conscious and processes explicit memories

Automatic - encoding unconsciously, procedural memories, implicit memories. We automatically process space, time and frequency.

Question 9

Sensory memories/explicit memories (2 parts)

Answer 9

Feeds working memory
1. Iconic memory - momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli
2. Echoic memory - momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli

Question 10

Short term memory capacity

Answer 10

Called “magical sevens” ~ the theory that we better memorize things in chunks of 7
^ not quite true, memory varies by:
- Task
- Level of active processing
- Age
- Distraction level
- Focus
- Number of tasks at a time

Question 11

Processing strategies

Answer 11

• Chunking - familiar manageable units (automatic)
• Mnemonics - way to remember, PEMDAS or ROYGBIV
• Hierarchies - dividing info based on topic and getting increasingly more specific

Question 12

Best studying practices for memory

Answer 12

• Spacing effect - distributed study for long term retention, much better than cramming
• Testing effect - testing yourself. enhanced memory after retrieval, much better than rereading info
• make it personal/meaningful

Question 13

2 levels of processing

Answer 13

1. shallow - encoding on a basic level based on structure or appearance
2. deep - encoding semantically based on meaning. yields better retention

Question 14

Our capacity for long term memory storage

Answer 14

limitless

Question 15

Explicit memory system

Answer 15

Located: frontal lobes and hippocampus
Type of recall: semantic (facts) or episodic (recalling the scene)
Includes memory consolidation

Question 16

What is memory consolidation

Answer 16

• neural storage of long term memories
• this mostly happens during sleep
• spacing studying - more chances for sleep to consolidate memories

Question 17

Retrieving memories locations and functions

Answer 17

left frontal lobe - recalling a password
right frontal lobe - recalling a visual party scene (episodic)