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PSY100 > Exam 4 Study > Flashcards

Exam 4 Study Flashcards

1
Q

3 criteria of abnormal behavior

A
  1. deviant
  2. maladaptive
  3. personally distressful
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2
Q

deviant/disruptive behavior

A

statistically atypical, deviates from cultural norms

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3
Q

maladaptive/dysfunctional behavior

A

compromise ability to lead satisfying life, function effectively, or dangerous to self/others

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4
Q

personally distressful behavior

A

the person finds it troubling

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5
Q

biopsychosocial approach

A
  • recognizes all 3 abnormal behavior criteria as potential influences of behavior
  • recognizes that psychological disorders are caused by multiple factors
  • recognizes that pre-existing conditions can put an individual at risk of developing a psychological disorder
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6
Q

vulnerabitlity stress model versus diathesis stress model

A

part of biopsychosocial approach

vulnerability stress - model that points out that a positive outcome of psychiatric disorder is more likely if environmental stress is minimized or managed, meds are taken and alcohol.drug is avoided

diathesis stress - model that believes that mental and physical disorders develop from a genetic or biological predisposition for that illness combined with stressful conditions

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7
Q

Purposes of classification

A
  • understand, treat, prevent, predict
  • communication between clinicians
  • billing/managed care
  • DSM and ICD
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8
Q

DSM (diagnostic statistical manual) critiques

A
  • relies too much on social norms and subjective judgements
  • too many new categories without sufficient evidence
  • loosened standards to meet criteria
  • heterogeneity of presentation
  • comorbidity
  • focuses on problems, not strengths
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9
Q

neuro developmental disorders

A
  • diagnosed in childhood
  • often due to genetic differences, atypical brain development, prenatal exposure to teratogens
  • include communication disorders, learning disabilities, intellectual disabilities, etc
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10
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

A
  • excessive anxiety and worry
  • fatigue
  • restlessness
  • increased muscle aches and soreness
  • impaired concentration
  • irritability
  • difficulty sleeping
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11
Q

OCD criteria

A
  • presence of obsessions, compulsions or both
  • these are time consuming and/or cause significant distress
    -obsessions - recurrent and persistent thoughts, THOUGHTS
    -compulsions - repetitive behaviors, ACTIONS
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12
Q

OCD cycle

A

obsessions > anxiety > relief > compulsions

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13
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

5 or more of the following during a 2 week period:
- depressed mood most of the day
- diminished interest or pleasure
- significant weight or appetite changes
- insomnia or hypersomnia
- psychomotor changes
- fatigue
- feelings of worthlessness
- difficulty concentrating
- suicidal ideation

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14
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder

A

when major depressive disorder symptoms last for 2 years

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15
Q

mania

A

manic episode versus hypomanic episode
Common symptoms: decreased need for sleep, high sex drive, noticeability talking more, feeling euphoric, engaging in risky behavior (self harm, spending lots of money), increased energy levels

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16
Q

manic episode

A

Bipolar 1
abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week

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17
Q

hypomanic episode

A

bipolar 2
4 consecutive days of manic behavior

18
Q

physical indications of fight or flight response

A

dilated pupils
pale/flushed skin
trembling
rapid HB and breathing

19
Q

GAS - general adaption syndrome

A

identified by Hans Selye
Our stress response system defends, then fatigue
3 phases
phase 1 - alarm reaction
phase 2 - resistance
phase 3 - exhaustion

20
Q

functions of stress

A
  • stress can invigorate our lives by arousing and motivating us
  • an unstressed life would not be challenging or productive
  • stress keeps us safe
  • stress reactions are related to self-preservation and species-preservation
21
Q

functions of anger

A
  • anger exists to promote survival
  • anger can be motivating
  • anger serves as a social and personal value indicator and regulator
  • anger can be used as a “bargaining tool” and can increase cooperation
  • anger can alert us to injustices
22
Q

social determinants of health

A
  • economic stability
  • education access and quality
  • health care access and quality
  • neighborhood and built environment
  • social and community context
  • institutionalized discrimination = chronic stress
23
Q

emotion focused coping skills

A

exercise, take a bath, give yourself a pep talk, meditate

24
Q

problem focused coping skills

A

work on managing time, ask for support, establish healthy boundaries, create a to-do list

25
Q

internal and external locus

A

external: negative thoughts such as “why is it always me, there’s nothing I can do about my future, why bother”, etc.
internal: positive thoughts such as “I determine my future, im going to give this a go, why not, I make things happen”, etc.

26
Q

social support

A

social support calms us, lowers blood pressure, reduces stress hormones and leads to strong immune functioning

27
Q

religion

A

a religious involvement can lead to:
healthy behavior, social support and positive emotions
which can lead to:
better physical stress

28
Q

influences on well-being

A

emotional ups and downs tend to balance out over the long run
we overestimate the duration of our emotions and underestimate our resiliency

29
Q

adaptation level phenomenon

A

tendency to form judgements relative to our prior experience

30
Q

relative deprivation

A

perception that one is worse off than those in comparison

31
Q

happy people tend to:

A

have high self esteem
be optimistic, outgoing, agreeable
have close, positive and lasting relationships
have work and leisure that engage their skills
have an active religious faith
sleep well and exercise

32
Q

happiness is not related to these factors:

A

age
gender
physical attractiveness

33
Q

schizophrenia

A

schizo = “split”
phrenia = “mind”
- the mind is split from reality
- treatment can help
- only 1 in 7 make a full recovery

34
Q

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

innapropriate behaviors are present

35
Q

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

appropriate behaviors are absent

36
Q

disturbed perceptions and beliefs of schizophrenia

A

hallucinations and delusions

37
Q

schizophrenia brain abnormalities

A

dopamine overactivity with positive symptoms
abnormal activity low in the frontal lobes
abnormal anatomy - enlarged fluid ventricles

38
Q

schizophrenia in prenatal - what can cause

A

low birth weight, maternal diabetes, older mom, and oxygen deprivation at delivery
fetal viral infections

39
Q

dissociative disorders

A

controversial and rare
conscious awareness dissociates
two or more distinct personalities which deny awareness of each other

40
Q

personality disorders

A

inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

41
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

children can display this by age 8 but only half display this as adults
lower emotional intelligence
impulsive
genetic and environmental influences
reduced activation to witnessing danger

PSY100 (10 decks)

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