Final SI Review Q's Flashcards
Which one of these in not a polymer?
Lipids
Do these represent monomers or polymers?
(triose, pentose, hextose sugars)
Monomers
What are monomers of Carbohydrates called?
Simple Sugars or Monosaccharides
What are polymers of simple sugars called?
Polysaccharides Disaccharides
Polysacchrides =
Hundreds or thousands of
Monosacharides.
Disaccharides = 2 monosaccharides
Reference material
What is OH Hydroxyl group look like?
-OH
What does a keytone look like?
>C=O
What does a aldehyde look like?
H>C=O
Energy storage differences in plants and animals are…?
Plants: starch
Animals: Glycogen
Glycogen more branched than starch
If glucose is all facing the same
direction in a chain, what will
happen to the shape of the
polysaccharide?
Curve
What about if Glucose is oriented
Back and forth?
Straight
If curved…. (forms helix)
- starch or glycogen( more branched)
- alpha glucose monomers
- Hydroxyls point in same direction
- curved is makes easier to break down sugars
- used to store sugars
…
If strait…. (like a string)
- cellulose
- beta glucose monomers
- Hydroxyls orient back and forth
- strait good for structure (harder to break down)
- in plant cell walls
…
What makes chitin unique and what can it be used for?
Because it is structural and digestible. Used in dissolvable stitches
Why are lipids not soluble in water?
They are non-polar and water is polar
What are lipids soluble in?
In nonpolar solvents
Lipids are soluable in water. True or False
FALSE
Lipids are polymers. True or False
FALSE
Lipids hate water and are hydrophobic. True or False
TRUE
What are the 3 classes of lipids?
- Fats (energy storage)
- Phospholipids (membranes)
- Steroids (hormones)
Saturated fatty acid have…in regards to carbons
no double-bonded carbons
Unsaturated fatty acid have…in regards to carbons
one or more double-bonded carbons
Differences between saturated and unsaturated fats
Saturated fat
no double-bonded carbons in any fatty acids
tend to be solid at room temperature
animal fats
strait
Unsaturated fat
one or more (polyunsaturated) double-bonded carbon in the fatty acids
usually liquid at room temperature
plant fats (oils)
kink or bend
What if you have only 2 fatty acids attached to a glyceride?
Phospholipids
In a phospholipid bilayer: Where is it hydrophobic? Where is it Hydrophilic?
Where is it charged? Where is it not charged?
Hydrophilic, polar (positive) head; hydrophobic, nonpolar (negative) tail.
What is the polymer of protein called?
Polypeptide
What is the monomer?
Amino acids
How many naturally occurring amino acids are there?
20
What is one or more polypeptide chains folded in on each other?
Protein
True or False: amino acids are put together by a dehydration reaction.
TRUE
What kind of bond does a dehydration reaction form?
Peptide bonds
Which structure determines the identity of the protein?
Primary Structure
Why does primary structure determine the identity for the protein?
The order of the amino acids determines how the polypeptide chain folds.
What forms the different structures of alpha helix and Beta pleated sheets on Secondary Structures?
Hydrogen bonding between Carbon and Nitrogen.
How is the tertiary structure formed?
Interactions of R groups determines folding.
What are the proteins used to help in the folding of Tertiary structure?
Chaperonins
Disulfide Bridge is a covalent bond. True or False?
TRUE
What is the monomer of nucleic acids called?
Nucleotides
What is the polymer of nucleic acids called?
Nucleic acids
What is the main purpose for Nucleic Acids?
To contain genetic information
2 famous examples of Nucleic acids are?
DNA & RNA
With Oxygen?
Deoxyribose (for DNA); Ribose (for RNA)
Nucleotide example involved in Energy: ATP (energy currency of the cell)
Food for thought
How does ATP become ADP or AMP?
Loses phosphates. Starts off with 3
Where do the Ribosomes insert themselves in the Rough ER?
Into the Lumen or into
True or False: Ribosomes are part of the endomembrane system
FALSE
Bound to ER or free in cytoplasm
More reference material I was too lazy to put into questions
Where are Ribosomes Formed?
Nucleolus of Nucleus
Nucleus is continuous
with ER and is
membrane Bound.
Nucleus is a double
phospholipid bilayer
And has pores.
What does the Golgi Apparatus do?
Shipping and packaging center
What do Lysosomes do?
Pretty much a food vacuole
with digestive enzymes.
Breaks down food that is
phagocytosed and breaks down
damaged organelle into recycled
parts.
Slide 100
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