Final Clicker Q's Flashcards
CdKs are activated:
a) by protein phosphatases
b) when they bind to another protein
c) by the addition of sugar groups (glycosylation)
d) when the interact with a ligand-bound cell surface receptor
B) when they bind to another protein
Communication between cells is analogous to communication between people. Which form of intercellular communication is most like a landline
telephone call?
a) Paracrine signaling b) Synaptic signaling c) Hormonal signaling
Synaptic Signaling
Communication between cells is analogous to communication between people. Which form of intercellular communication is most like conversation at a party?
a) Paracrine signaling b) Synaptic signaling c) Hormonal signaling
Paracrine signaling
Considering the DNA strand on the right, a new
deoxynucleotide could be added: (strand is a 3’ end to 5’ end)
a) on the top
b) on the bottom
c) on either the top or bottom
A) On the TOP
Consider the following primer/template pair: ATGACTA
3’AACTACTGATGAC5’
The newly synthesized DNA will be:
a) 5’AAC3’ b) 5’GAC3’ c) 5’GTT3’ d) 5’CTG3’
D) 5’CTG3’
Consider the following template strands of DNA:
3’ to 5’ above
5’ to 3’ below
Which template strand would allow DNA synthesis to move from right to left?
a) the upper strand b) the lower strand c) both strands
d) neither strand
B) the lower strand
Crossing over creates all possible combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes in gametes.
a) True
b) False
B) False
The default sex in mammals is: a) female
b) male
c) hermaphrodite
A) Female
A diploid cell with 4 chromosomes in all enters meiosis. At the completion of meiosis each daughter cells will contain _____ chromosomes and ________ DNA molecules.
a) 2; 2
b) 2; 4 c) 4; 2 d) 4;4 e) 4;8
A) 2; 2
For metaphase to move properly to anaphase: a) the chromosomes should start to condense b) the mitotic spindle should begin to form
c) each kinetochore should be attached to a spindle
fiber
d) sister chromatids should be moving to future daughter nuclei
A) the chromosomes should start to condense
Histone acetyl transferases are the enzymes that add acetyl groups to histones. If a histone acetyl transferase became overactive, you’d predict that:
a) DNA at enhancers would be opened into a transcription bubble
b) DNA at replication origins would be opened into a replication bubble
c) chromatin would be in a relaxed, transcriptionally competent state
d) chromatin would be in a condensed, transcriptionally incompetent state
e) RNA processing, particularly splicing, would speed up
C) chromatin would be in a relaxed, transcriptionally competent state
Hormones are ligands. True or False?
True
How many genetically distinct gametes could be produced
by an individual with the genotype AABbccDd? a) 2
b) 3 c) 4 d) 8 e) 16
C) 4
A human cell prior to mitotic division contains 46 chromosomes. Immediately after mitosis, each human nucleus contains ___________ chromosomes and ____________ DNA molecules.
a) 23; 46 b) 46; 46 c) 46; 92 d) 92; 92 e) 92; 184
B) 46; 46
Human nuclei contain 46 chromosomes. Therefore, just
before mitosis, each nucleus contains ____________ molecules of DNA.
a) 23
b) 46
c) 92
d) 184
C) 92
The idea that genome sizes of multicellular eukaryotes vary widely, but there is relatively little difference between the number of genes implies that:
a) the number of genes per unit length of DNA varies widely among eukaryotes
b) eukaryotes with larger geneomes tend to be more complex c) genome sizes have contracted over evolutionary time
d) genome size have expanded over evolutionary time
A) the number of genes per unit length of DNA varies widely
If a DNA molecule contains 20% of its bases as G, then the
percentage of bases that are T is:
a) 20%
b) 25% c) 30% d) 35% e) 40%
C) 30%
If a mutation occurred that lowered the amount of Ced- 9, this would be predicted to ______ the number of cells that undergo apoptosis.
a) increase
b) decrease
c) have no effect on
A) Increase
If an mRNA encoded a 300 amino acid protein, how
long would the coding region be? a) 300 nucleotides
b) 600 nucleotides c) 900 nucleotides
C) 900 nucleotides
If you found an E. coli cell is found with many short DNA fragments that started with RNA sequences, you should suspect that there is a deficiency in:
a) DNA ligase activity
b) DNA polymerase I activity c) DNA polymerase III activity d) helicase activity
B) DNA polymerase I activity
Imagine the following: You examine proteins in a cell and
find one protein that is phosphorylated to unusually high levels. A plausible explanation is that:
a) a protein phosphatase is inactive b) a protein kinase is overly active c) the cell is unable to produce ATP d) a and b
e) all the above
D) A and B
Imagine transplanting an undifferentiated cell in an early embryo that would normally form muscle into a region of another embryo that normally forms skin. This transplanted cell differentiates into a muscle cell in its new location. This is evidence that the transplanted cell was:
a) apoptotic
b) determined c) differentiated
B) determined
In a search for drugs that work against HIV (the “AIDS virus”) without harming our cells, a reasonable drug target would be:
a) RNA polymerase
b) DNA polymerase
c) reverse transcriptase d) the ribosome
C) reverse transriptase
In lentils, a gene known as spotted has two alleles. The A1 allele leads to large spots on lentil seeds and the A2 allele leads to small dots on lentil seeds. A cross between an A1A1 spotted variety and an A2A2 dotted variety produced an F1 that had spots and dots on the seed. Therefore, the A1 and A2 alleles are related by:
a) complete dominance b) incomplete dominance c) codominance
d) none of the above
C) codominance