Final Semester 2 Flashcards
Chemiosmosis in chloroplasts moves
Proteins from the stroma to the thylakoid space
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Stores energy
Releases energy
Synthesis of ATP occurs during
Photosynthesis and respiration
Electrons come from water to
Photosystem 2
Calvin cycle takes place in
Stroma
Chlorophyll becomes degraded and
Other pigments are still present
Primary function of Calvin cycle
Synthesize sugars from CO2
Photosynthesis originated in
Prokaryotes
ATP synthase complexes located in
Thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane
Final electron acceptor in photosystem 1 is
NADP+
Transduction begins after
Signal molecule changes the receptor protein
Neurotransmitters are released
At synapses
Most receptor molecules are
Integral proteins
Independent assortment of chromosomes
Result of the random way each pair of homologous chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate
Mendel’s 2nd law of independent assortment
Alignment of regards at the equator
Sister chromatids separate from each other
In mitosis and meiosis II
Alternative RNA splicing can allow the production of proteins
Of different sizes and functions from a single mRNA
TATA box is
The recognition site for specific transcription factor
Difference between DNA and protein
DNA contains phosphorous and protein does not
More than one codon can
Specify the addition of more than one amino acid
mRNA is transcribed from
A finale gene and transfers information from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where protein synthesis takes place
Translation requires
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
A + C =
G + T
Release factor binds to
The stop codon in the A site in place of a tRNA
DNA regulation
Which genes are transcribed and translated
Promoter
Where the RNA polymerase attaches
Each gene as a promoter
Multiple genes grouped together can have a promoter
Operon
Combination of regulatory sequences
Series of genes
Promoter is the DNA where
RNA polymerase binds
Depressors
Attaches to the sequence of DNA
Blocks RNA polymerase that does transcription
Operator
Regulator sequence where a repressor can attach
Coreoressors
Small molecules that attach to depressors so they can do their job
Activator
More transcription
Activates
Inducer
Small molecule that turns on activators
trp Operon
Tryptophan
Creates polypeptides
Operon is a
Combination of a set of genes
Low tryptophan…
High tryptophan…
Create more
Can act as a repressor, bind to operator and not make tryptophan
Lac Operon
Lactose
CAP site
No lactose…
Lactose present…
Lac repressor — no transcription
Transcription occurs
