Chapter 14

Question 1

Character

Answer 1

A heritable feature that varies among individuals

Question 2

True breeding

Answer 2

Varieties that only produce the same variety as the parent plant
Parents will pass down a specific phenotype trait to their offspring

Question 3

Truebred organisms

Answer 3

Will have a pure genotype and will only produce a certain phenotype

Question 4

Hybridization

Answer 4

Mating, or crossing, of two true-breeding varieties

Question 5

P generation

Answer 5

True breeding parents (parental generation)

Question 6

F1 generation

Answer 6

Hybrid offspring of p generation

First filial generation

Question 7

F2 generation

Answer 7

Allowing the F1 hybrids to self pollinate produces this generation
(Second filial “son” generation)9

Question 8

Allele

Answer 8

Alternative versions of a gene

Question 9

Punnett square

Answer 9

Diagrammatic device for predicting the allele composition of offspring from a cross between individuals of known genetic makeup

Question 10

Each somatic cell in a diploid organism

Answer 10

Has two sets of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent

Question 11

Dominant allele

Answer 11

Determines the organism’s appearance

Question 12

Recessive allele

Answer 12

Has no noticeable effect on the organism’s appearance

Question 13

First concept of Mendel

Answer 13

Alternative versions of genes account for variations in inherited characters

Question 14

Second concept of Mendel

Answer 14

For each character, an organism inherits two copies (two alleles) of a gene, one from each parent

Question 15

Third concept of Mendel

Answer 15

If two alleles at a locus differ, then one, the dominante allele, determines te organism’s appearance, the other, the recessive allele, has no noticeable effect on the organism’s appearance

Question 16

Law of segregation

Answer 16

The two alleles for a heritable character segregate (separate from each other) during gamete formation and end up in different gametes

Question 17

Homozygous

Answer 17

Pair of identical alleles for a character

Question 18

Heterozygous

Answer 18

Two different alleles for a gene

Question 19

Phenotype

Answer 19

Organism’s appearance

Observable traits

Question 20

Genotype

Answer 20

Genetic makeup

Question 21

Monohybrid

Answer 21

Heterozygous for the one particular character being following in the cross

Question 22

Monohybrid cross

Answer 22

Cross between heterozygotes

Question 23

Dihybrids

Answer 23

Individuals heterozygous for he two characters being followed in the cross

Question 24

Dihybrid cross

Answer 24

A cross between F1 dihybrids

Can determine which of these two hypotheses is correct

Question 25

Law of independent assortment

Answer 25

Two or more genes assort independently (each pair of alleles segregated independently of each other pair of alleles) during gamete formation

Question 26

Law of independent assortment applies to

Answer 26

Genes (allele pairs) locates on different chromosomes (on chromosomes that are not homologous) or to genes that are very far apart on the same chromosomes

Question 27

Multiplication rule

Answer 27

States that to determine the probability, we multiple the probability of one event by the probability of the other event

Question 28

Addition rule

Answer 28

The probability that any one of two or more mutually exclusive events will occur is calculated by adding their individual probabilities

Question 29

Complete dominance

Answer 29

The phenotypes of the heterozygote and the dominant homozygote are indistinguishable

Question 30

Incomplete dominance

Answer 30

Neither allele is completely dominant

Question 31

Codominance

Answer 31

Two alleles each affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways

Question 32

Dominant is

Answer 32

Seen in the phenotype | Not because it subdues a recessive allele

Question 33

Tay-Sachs disease

Answer 33

Inherited disorder in humans

Question 34

Quantitative characters

Answer 34

Vary in the population in gradations along a continuum

Question 35

Quantitative variation usually indicates polygenic inheritance

Answer 35

An additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotypic character

Question 36

Pedigree

Answer 36

Information about a family’s history for a particular trait and assembling this information into a family tree describing the traits of parents and children across the generations

Question 37

Carriers

Answer 37

Heterozygotes may transmit the recessive allele into their offspring and are called

Question 38

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 38

Lethal genetic disease

Question 39

Sickle cell disease

Answer 39

Most common inherited disorder among people of African descent

Question 40

Amniocentesis

Answer 40

Can determine whether the developing fetus has Tay-Sachs disease

Question 41

Chorionic villis sampling (CVS)

Answer 41

A physician inserts a narrow tube through the cervix into the uterus and suctions out a tiny sample of tissue from the placenta