final review Flashcards
What is a cartilage that prevents foreign substances from entering trachea?
epiglottis
What cartilage has two lamina, a notch, prominence, superior and inferior cornu?
thyroid cartilage
Which portion of the tympanic membrane is likely to rupture?
pars tensa
What houses the organ of hearing?
Cochlea
What can you see through the tympanic membrane?
malleolar stria/manubrium of the malleus
What are likely laryngeal vestigial structures?
corniculate and cuneiform cartilages
What laryngeal muscle is paired and is a tensor, abductor and regulates pitch?
thyroarytenoid
What portion of the tympanic membrane has both fibers?
the second layer; concentric and radial fibers
what middle ear bone is connected to the vestibule?
stapes
Intrinsic muscles that abduct and adduct vocal folds?
adduct:
thyroarytenoid
lateral cricoarytenoid
interarytenoids
abduct:
posterior cricoarytenoid
What helps us balance?
Vestibule; semicircular canals
Vestibule dilates at the what?
junctions; ampulla
What is not continuous with semicircular canals?
is: cochlea and vestibule
What is critical to adduction of vocal folds and has oblique and transverse fibers?
arytenoid/ interarytenoid muscles
What is the movement of cilia cells called?
bending/shearing
What forms the floor of the Scala media?
Basilar membrane
What paired cartilages are pyramid shaped and sit atop the cricoid?
arytenoid cartilage
What does the footplate fit into?
oval window
Planes of movement for semicircular canals cover how many?
3
forward-backward
side to side
rotation of head
What is the color of the tympanic membrane and what can be seen if it is healthy?
pearl-grey
white reflection (cone of light)
manubrium of the malleus
Another name for earwax
cerumen
What muscle protects the ear from noise?
tensor tympani
At what joint do the stapes and incus attach?
lenticular process
incudo-stapedial joint
Where does the malleus attach to the apex?
umbo (cone of the tympanic membrane
What are the landmarks of the incus?
body, short process, and long process. lenticular process
What can be viewed through the tympanic membrane?
malleolar stria/manubrium of the malleus
What cartilage is ring-shaped?
cricoid cartilage
What is the external portion of the ear called?
pinna
What allows blood and nerve supply to the ear?
modiolus
What do you assess during oral peripheral exam?
face, lips, tongue, teeth, palate, cheek, kinesthetic awareness
What is the fenestra vestibuli?
oval window
opening connecting middle ear to cochlea
What is the gelatinous sac hinged at the vestibular lip of the spiral lamina?
tectorial membrane
What is the opening between pharynx and tympanic cavities?
Eustachian tube
What are the landmarks of the malleus?
head, neck, manubrium, anterior process, lateral process
What is the primary organ of hearing?
Spiral Organ
Organ of Corti
What is a glue-like infections draining?
glue ear
middle ear infection causing tympanic membrane to rupture and infection drain
What is the highly vascular portion of the Scala media?
Stria Vascularis
Mandibular elevators
massester
temporalis
internal pterygoid
Mandibular depressors
digastrics
mylohyoid
geniohyoid
external pterygoid
Describe sounds entering the ear and how it is transmitted from the outside
vibrations from from air are transmitted through the ossicular chain to the oval window causing fluid in inner ear to move
this moves the tectorial membrane, causing cilia to move=neural potentials in auditory nervous system
Why are children more susceptible to ear infections due to Eustachian tube?
The eustachian tubes of children are more horizontal, preventing the proper drainage from occurring
What are the biological functions of the larynx?
valve to prevent foreign substances, fixate thorax, expel substances
What is the only bone in the larynx?
hyoid bone
angle of pinna
30 degrees
if 10 degrees off, it is noticed by others
