Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology > exam 1a ch 11 > Flashcards

exam 1a ch 11 Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy

A

study of structures and relations of their parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

physiology

A

study of the functions of organisms and their parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

anatomical variability

A

the more you study anatomy in different people, the more differences are found

differences do not always equal disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

major landmarks of the brain

A

gyri/gyrus
sulci/silcrus
corpus callosum
cingulate gyrus
grey matter
white matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

gyri vs sulci

A

gyri-bump
sulci-groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

separates two cerebral hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

central sulcus (Fissure of Ronaldo)

A

located by two gyri on either side

precentral gyrus and post central gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

precentral gyrus

A

anterior to central sulcus

contains motor strip and motor homunculous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

postcentral gyrus

A

posterior to central gyrus

contains sensory strip and homunculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

lateral sulcus (Sylvian fissure)

A

separates frontal and temporal lobe

runs along side of the brain and in area important for speech an language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

corpus callosum

A

white matter band of fibers that connects two hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cingulate gyrus

A

above corpus callosum

part of the limbic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

grey matter

A

covers surface of the brain
deep in center

consists of groups of cell bodies of neurons (somas)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

basal ganglia

A

groups of cell bodies of neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

lobes of the brain

A

frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

frontal

A

includes:
-precentral gyrus and motor strip
-Broca’s area
-prefrontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Broca’s Area

A

important for speech production

thought to extend to insular lobe due to correlation between Broca’s aphasia and apraxia of speech

possible that insula and Broca’s area coordinate speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

prefrontal cortex

A

separates humans from animals

integrates info
self monitors bx
decides plans and goals
prioritizes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

precentral gyrus (motor strip)
regarding number of neurons

A

number of neurons determines complexity of movements (fine motor movement)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

parietal lobe

A

includes:
-postcentral gyrus
-Brodmann’s area
-somatosensory association cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Brodmann’s Area

A

collection of cells that are numbered and associated with different functions in isolation and combination with another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Brodmann’s Area 1 and 3

A

located on sensory strip

thalamus carries sensory info from skin, muscles, and joints to somatosensory area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Brodmann’s Area 2 and 5

A

transition areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what makes up the somatosensory association cortex

A

supramarginal gyrus
angular gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

supramarginal gyrus

A

encircles end of sylvian fissure

damage= agraphia (inability to write)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

angular gyrus

A

extends around posterior end of superior temporal sulcus and posterior to supramarginal gyrus

important for word finding and reading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

temporal lobe

A

purpose: auditory analysis
includes:
-primary auditory cortex (Heschl’s Gyrus)
-unimodal auditory association cortex (Wenicke’s Area)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

primary auditory cortex (Heschl’s gyrus)

A

processes frequency, loudness, tones, and information

Brodmann’s Areas 41 and 42

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

unimodal auditory association cortex (Wernicke’s Area)

A

responsible for language comprehension

Brodmann’s Area 22

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

arcuate fasciculus

A

bundle of fibers from posterior temporal lobe to motor area in frontal lobe

connects Wenicke’s Area –> Broca’s Area

damage= conduction aphasia (inability to repeat words/phrases) and mild/moderate comprehension impairments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

conduction aphasia

A

inability to repeat words, phrases, sentences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

inferior temporal lobe
(heteromodal association area)

A

where sensory information comes together in multiple modalities

important for visual processing

damage=possible prosopagnosia (disorder of facial recognition)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

occipital lobe

A

purpose:visual analysis

inclused:
-primary visual cortex
-visual association cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Brodmann’s Area 17

A

primary visual cortex

first stop in visual processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Brodmann’s Area 18 and 19

A

association visual cortex

second stop in visual processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

secondary lobes

A

insular
limbic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

insular lobe (Isle of Reil)

A

(insula)
to see- peel back Sylvian Fissure

deep in Broca’s Area, so thought to be important for speech

damage=apraxia and aphasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Limbic Lobe

A

medial brain structure

composed of cingulate gyrus which follows along superior to corpus callosum

responsible for primitive functions (fight or flight)

39
Q

Brainstem

A

extension of spinal cord up into the brain

all sensory and motor tracts pass through

40
Q

3 main parts of brain stem

A

midbrain
pons
medulla

41
Q

midbrain

A

corpus quadrigmina
narrow and contains tectum (roof)

4 areas of swelling: colliculi
inferior- auditory
superior-visual

42
Q

substantia nigria

A

sends dopamine making fibers
striatum

43
Q

tegmentum

A

contains all ascending and descending systems of the spinal cord and lower brain stem

44
Q

Pons

A

large, rounded structure connected to cerebellar hemispheres

latin for bridge (bridge to cerebellum)

45
Q

medulla oblongata

A

‘bulb’
rounded, large bulge; enlargement of spinal cord

contains tracts and nuclei of different nerves responsible for phonation, VP closure, swallowing, and articulation

contains superior olivary nucleus (important for audition)

46
Q

cerebellum

A

smaller compared to cerebral hemispheres (1/18th of the weight)

provides fine motor coordination
(coordinates rapid and precise movements during articulation)

47
Q
A
48
Q

study of structures and relations of their parts

A

anatomy

49
Q

study of the functions of organisms and their parts

A

physiology

50
Q

the more you study anatomy in different people, the more differences are found

differences do not always equal disorder

A

anatomical variability

51
Q

gyri/gyrus
sulci/silcrus
corpus callosum
cingulate gyrus
grey matter
white matter

A

major landmarks of the brain

52
Q

gyri-bump
sulci-groove

A

gyri vs sulci

53
Q

separates two cerebral hemispheres

A

longitudinal fissure

54
Q

located by two gyri on either side

precentral gyrus and post central gyrus

A

central sulcus (Fissure of Ronaldo)

55
Q

anterior to central sulcus

contains motor strip and motor homunculous

A

precentral gyrus

56
Q

posterior to central sulcus

contains sensory strip and homunculus

A

postcentral gyrus

57
Q

separates frontal and temporal lobe

runs along side of the brain and in area important for speech an language

A

lateral sulcus (Sylvian fissure)

58
Q

white matter band of fibers that connects two hemispheres

A

corpus callosum

59
Q

above corpus callosum

part of the limbic system

A

cingulate gyrus

60
Q

covers surface of the brain
deep in center

consists of groups of cell bodies of neurons (somas)

A

grey matter

61
Q

groups of cell bodies of neurons

A

basal ganglia

62
Q

frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital

A

lobes of the brain

63
Q

includes:
-precentral gyrus and motor strip
-Broca’s area
-prefrontal

A

frontal

64
Q

important for speech production

thought to extend to insular lobe due to correlation between Broca’s aphasia and apraxia of speech

possible that insula and Broca’s area coordinate speech

A

Broca’s Area

65
Q

separates humans from animals

integrates info
self monitors bx
decides plans and goals
prioritizes

A

prefrontal cortex

66
Q

number of neurons determines complexity of movements (fine motor movement)

A

precentral gyrus (motor strip)
regarding number of neurons

67
Q

includes:
-postcentral gyrus
-Brodmann’s area
-somatosensory association cortex

A

parietal lobe

68
Q

collection of cells that are numbered and associated with different functions in isolation and combination with another

A

Brodmann’s Area

69
Q

located on sensory strip

thalamus carries sensory info from skin, muscles, and joints to somatosensory area

A

Brodmann’s Area 1 and 3

70
Q

transition areas

A

Brodmann’s Area 2 and 5

71
Q

supramarginal gyrus
angular gyrus

A

what makes up the somatosensory association cortex

72
Q

encircles end of sylvian fissure

damage= agraphia (inability to write)

A

supramarginal gyrus

73
Q

extends around posterior end of superior temporal sulcus and posterior to supramarginal gyrus

important for word finding and reading

A

angular gyrus

74
Q

purpose: auditory analysis
includes:
-primary auditory cortex (Heschl’s Gyrus)
-unimodal auditory association cortex (Wenicke’s Area)

A

temporal lobe

75
Q

processes frequency, loudness, tones, and information

Brodmann’s Areas 41 and 42

A

primary auditory cortex (Heschl’s gyrus)

76
Q

responsible for language comprehension

Brodmann’s Area 22

A

unimodal auditory association cortex (Wernicke’s Area)

77
Q

bundle of fibers from posterior temporal lobe to motor area in frontal lobe

connects Wenicke’s Area –> Broca’s Area

damage= conduction aphasia (inability to repeat words/phrases) and mild/moderate comprehension impairments

A

arcuate fasciculus

78
Q

inability to repeat words, phrases, sentences

A

conduction aphasia

79
Q

where sensory information comes together in multiple modalities

important for visual processing

damage=possible prosopagnosia (disorder of facial recognition)

A

inferior temporal lobe
(heteromodal association area)

80
Q

purpose:visual analysis

inclused:
-primary visual cortex
-visual association cortex

A

occipital lobe

81
Q

primary visual cortex

first stop in visual processing

A

Brodmann’s Area 17

82
Q

association visual cortex

second stop in visual processing

A

Brodmann’s Area 18 and 19

83
Q

insular
limbic

A

secondary lobes

84
Q

(insula)
to see- peel back Sylvian Fissure

deep in Broca’s Area, so thought to be important for speech

damage=apraxia and aphasia

A

insular lobe (Isle of Reil)

85
Q

medial brain structure

composed of cingulate gyrus which follows along superior to corpus callosum

responsible for primitive functions (fight or flight)

A

Limbic Lobe

86
Q

extension of spinal cord up into the brain

all sensory and motor tracts pass through

A

Brainstem

87
Q

midbrain
pons
medulla

A

3 main parts of brain stem

88
Q

corpus quadrigmina
narrow and contains tectum (roof)

4 areas of swelling: colliculi
inferior- auditory
superior-visual

A

midbrain

89
Q

sends dopamine making fibers
striatum

A

substantia nigria

90
Q

contains all ascending and descending systems of the spinal cord and lower brain stem

A

tegmentum

91
Q

large, rounded structure connected to cerebellar hemispheres

latin for bridge (bridge to cerebellum)

A

Pons

92
Q

‘bulb’
rounded, large bulge; enlargement of spinal cord

contains tracts and nuclei of different nerves responsible for phonation, VP closure, swallowing, and articulation

contains superior olivary nucleus (important for audition)

A

medulla oblongata

93
Q

smaller compared to cerebral hemispheres (1/18th of the weight)

provides fine motor coordination
(coordinates rapid and precise movements during articulation)

A

cerebellum

94
Q
A

Anatomy and Physiology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions