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Anatomy and Physiology > Basic Elements > Flashcards

Basic Elements Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy

A

study of organisms and relations of their parts

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2
Q

physiology

A

study of the function of structures

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3
Q

surface/superficial anatomy

A

studies form of the surfaces of structures

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4
Q

cytology

A

study of cells

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5
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

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6
Q

myology

A

study of muscles

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7
Q

anthology

A

study of joints

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8
Q

osteology

A

study of bones

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9
Q

neurology

A

study of nervous system

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10
Q

anatomical positional

A

reference position; standing with arms by side, palms, and feet facing forward

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11
Q

axial skeleton

A

bones of the skull and trunk

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12
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

bones and of appendages

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13
Q

neuraxis

A

axis of the brain

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14
Q

superior

A

above

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15
Q

inferior

A

below

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16
Q

anterior

A

in fromt

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17
Q

posterior

A

behind

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18
Q

ventral

A

belly

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19
Q

dorsal

A

spine/back

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20
Q

medial

A

to the middle (most internal bone)

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21
Q

lateral

A

to the side (away from bone)

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22
Q

cranial

A

to the brain

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23
Q

caudal

A

to the tail/butt

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24
Q

proximal

A

close to (body core)

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25
Q

distal

A

far from (body core)

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26
Q

superficial

A

closer to external surface (air)

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27
Q

deep

A

closer to external surface (organs)

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28
Q

coronal/frontal plane

A

to separate ventral/dorsal

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29
Q

saggital/medial

A

to separate left/right

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30
Q

transverse/horizontal

A

to separate cranial from caudal

31
Q

adduct

A

to bring close

32
Q

abduct

A

to move out/away

33
Q

flexing

A

bending a joint

34
Q

extension

A

straightening a joint

35
Q

hyperflexion/dorsiflexion

A

extending joint too far

36
Q

plantar

A

toward sole of foot

37
Q

palmar

A

toward palm of habd

38
Q

inversion

A

turning inward (medially)

39
Q

eversion

A

turning outward (laterally)

40
Q

pronate

A

to lay on ventral surface (belly)

41
Q

supinate

A

to lay on dorsal surface

42
Q

epithelial tissue

A

outer layer of cells of the skin and linings of body cavities

-some have glands (secretion), villi (absorption), cilia (movement)

43
Q

simple epithelium

A

single layer of cells

squamous

44
Q

squamous

A

square
single layer
flat
(blood/lymphatic vessels, heart, alveoli)

45
Q

compound epithelium

A

different layers of cells

stratified epithelium

46
Q

stratified epithelium

A

can be squamous or columnar
(lining of mouth, pharynx, and esophagus)

47
Q

connective tissue

A

provides structural support

48
Q

striated muscular tissue

A

skeletal/somatic

voluntary

49
Q

smooth muscular tissue

A

involuntary

50
Q

nervous system tissues

A

neurons & glial cells

51
Q

neurons

A

transfer information; communicating tissue

52
Q

glial cells

A

nutrient transfer; blood-brain barrier

53
Q

“systems” of speech

A

phonatory
articulatory
resonatory

54
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

brain & spinal cord

55
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

brain & spinal cord

56
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

nerves in all other parts of the body

57
Q

information sent by nervous system

A

efferent
motor

58
Q

information received by nervous system

A

afferent
sensory

59
Q

% of CN innervates the opposite side of the body

A

90%

60
Q

% of CN innervates the opposite side of the body

A

90%

61
Q

decussation

A

to cross over

62
Q

Ipsilateral

A

same side of the body (left to right)

63
Q

contralateral

A

opposite side of the body

64
Q

applied anatomy

A

“clinical anatomy”

application of anatomical study for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and surgery

65
Q

descriptive anatomy

A

“systemic anatomy”

viewing the body as a composite of systems that function together; not regarding disease

66
Q

gross anatomy

A

studies structures visible without microscope

67
Q

gross anatomy

A

studies structures visible without microscope

68
Q

microscopic anatomy

A

studies structures only visible with microscope

69
Q

developmental anatomy

A

development of organisms from time of conception

70
Q

pathological anatomy

A

examines disease conditions or structural abnormalities

71
Q

phonatory system

A

system through which phonation is achieved

72
Q

articulatory system

A

system of structures involved in shaping the oral cavity for production of the sounds of speech

73
Q

resonatory system

A

portion of the vocal tract through which the acoustical product of the vocal fold vibration resonates

Anatomy and Physiology (6 decks)

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