Basic Elements Flashcards
anatomy
study of organisms and relations of their parts
physiology
study of the function of structures
surface/superficial anatomy
studies form of the surfaces of structures
cytology
study of cells
histology
study of tissues
myology
study of muscles
anthology
study of joints
osteology
study of bones
neurology
study of nervous system
anatomical positional
reference position; standing with arms by side, palms, and feet facing forward
axial skeleton
bones of the skull and trunk
appendicular skeleton
bones and of appendages
neuraxis
axis of the brain
superior
above
inferior
below
anterior
in fromt
posterior
behind
ventral
belly
dorsal
spine/back
medial
to the middle (most internal bone)
lateral
to the side (away from bone)
cranial
to the brain
caudal
to the tail/butt
proximal
close to (body core)
distal
far from (body core)
superficial
closer to external surface (air)
deep
closer to external surface (organs)
coronal/frontal plane
to separate ventral/dorsal
saggital/medial
to separate left/right
transverse/horizontal
to separate cranial from caudal
adduct
to bring close
abduct
to move out/away
flexing
bending a joint
extension
straightening a joint
hyperflexion/dorsiflexion
extending joint too far
plantar
toward sole of foot
palmar
toward palm of habd
inversion
turning inward (medially)
eversion
turning outward (laterally)
pronate
to lay on ventral surface (belly)
supinate
to lay on dorsal surface
epithelial tissue
outer layer of cells of the skin and linings of body cavities
-some have glands (secretion), villi (absorption), cilia (movement)
simple epithelium
single layer of cells
squamous
squamous
square
single layer
flat
(blood/lymphatic vessels, heart, alveoli)
compound epithelium
different layers of cells
stratified epithelium
stratified epithelium
can be squamous or columnar
(lining of mouth, pharynx, and esophagus)
connective tissue
provides structural support
striated muscular tissue
skeletal/somatic
voluntary
smooth muscular tissue
involuntary
nervous system tissues
neurons & glial cells
neurons
transfer information; communicating tissue
glial cells
nutrient transfer; blood-brain barrier
“systems” of speech
phonatory
articulatory
resonatory
central nervous system (CNS)
brain & spinal cord
central nervous system (CNS)
brain & spinal cord
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
nerves in all other parts of the body
information sent by nervous system
efferent
motor
information received by nervous system
afferent
sensory
% of CN innervates the opposite side of the body
90%
% of CN innervates the opposite side of the body
90%
decussation
to cross over
Ipsilateral
same side of the body (left to right)
contralateral
opposite side of the body
applied anatomy
“clinical anatomy”
application of anatomical study for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and surgery
descriptive anatomy
“systemic anatomy”
viewing the body as a composite of systems that function together; not regarding disease
gross anatomy
studies structures visible without microscope
gross anatomy
studies structures visible without microscope
microscopic anatomy
studies structures only visible with microscope
developmental anatomy
development of organisms from time of conception
pathological anatomy
examines disease conditions or structural abnormalities
phonatory system
system through which phonation is achieved
articulatory system
system of structures involved in shaping the oral cavity for production of the sounds of speech
resonatory system
portion of the vocal tract through which the acoustical product of the vocal fold vibration resonates
