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Anatomy and Physiology > exam 3 study guide > Flashcards

exam 3 study guide Flashcards

1
Q

cornus elasticus

A

unpaired, cone shaped that connects cricoid, thyroid, arytenoid

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2
Q

laryngoscopy

A

viewing the larynx

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2
Q

direct vs indirect laryngoscopy

A

direct: using instrument to get direct view

indirect: using mirror to reflect light to a mirror reflecting an image of the larynx

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3
Q

endoscopy

A

direct viewing of the larynx

via oral cavity (peroral) or nasal cavity (nasal)

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4
Q

electromyography

A

recording bioelectrical material from muscles of larynx

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5
Q

electroglottalgraph

A
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6
Q

neurochronaxic

A

theory that vocal fold vibration is a result of neural innervation

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7
Q

myoelastic-aerodynamic

A

theory that vocal fold vibration is a result of subglottal pressure

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8
Q

biological and non biological functions of larynx

A

biological:
-prevent foreign substances from entering trachea
-fixate thorax
-expel substances from entering trachea

nonbiological:
-creation of sounds integral for speech production

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9
Q

hyoid bone

A

-U shaped bone in larynx
-only bone that does not connect to another bone
-parts: body, greater horn, and lesser horn

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10
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

-largest and unpaired
-2 thyroid laminae formed by quadrilateral plates that are fused at midline to create an angle (90 in females and 80 in males)
-has V shaped notch on top
-forms Adam’s apple
-has superior and inferior horns

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11
Q

cricoid cartilage

A

-unpaired and ring shaped
-anterior: rounded
-posterior: flat

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12
Q

arytenoid cartilage

A

-paired
-shaped like 3 sided pyramid
(base, apex, and posterior, anterior, and anterio-lateral sides)
-vocal processes: attach to vocal folds via
-muscular processes: attachment for muscles that adduct and abduct vocal folds

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13
Q

epiglottis

A

-unpaired and leaf shaped
-close to prevent food from going into trachea

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14
Q

corniculate

A

-paired
-small horns on top of arytenoid apexes
-probably vestigial

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15
Q

cuneiform

A

-paired and wedge shaped
-embedded in aryepiglottic folds
-vestigial

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16
Q

hypoepiglottis ligament

A

extrinsic
unpaired midline elastic ligament; from anterior surface of epiglottis to body of hyoid

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17
Q

cricotracheal membrane

A

extrinsic
connects to lower border of cricoid with the first tracheal ring

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18
Q

quadrangular

A

instrinsic
upper half of the larynx
false vocal folds

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19
Q

cornus elasticus

A

instrinsic
lower half
unpaired cone shaped
vocal folds are embedded

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20
Q

supraglottal region

A

area above rima glottides/glottis

space between vocal folds

21
Q

subglottal region

A

region below vocal folds

22
Q

sternothyroid

A

-extrinsic muscle
-long slender muscle in front of anterior side of neck
-depresses thyroid cartilage

23
Q

thyrohyoid

A

-extrinsic muscle
-anterior to neck
-narrows distance between the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage

24
Q

inferior pharynlaryngeal constrictor

A

-extrinsic muscle
-lines lower part of pharynx

25
Q

suprahyoid muscles

A

laryngeal elevators

26
Q

digastric

A

-suprahyoid muscles
-two bellies (one in lateral neck/one in anterior neck)
-raises hyoid bone or depresses jaw

27
Q

stylohyoid

A

-suprahyoid muscle
-slender muscle superficial to posterior belly of digastric
-draws hyoid bone up and down

28
Q

mylohyoid

A

-suprahyoid muscle
-trough shaped and forms floor of mouth
-elevates hyoid bone, floor of mouth and tongue
-important for deglutition

29
Q

geniohyoid

A

-suprahyoid muscle
-paired cylindrical muscle above mylohyoid
-raises hyoid up and forward and depresses mandible

30
Q

hypoglossus

A

-suprahyoid muscle
-extrinsic tongue muscle deep in neck, raise hyoid bone, or depress tongue

31
Q

genioglossus

A

-suprahyoid muscle
-extrinsic tongue muscle
-elevates hyoid bone and moves tongue forward

32
Q

sternohyoid

A

-infrahyoid muscle
-flat muscle near anterior surface of neck
-depresses hyoid bone

33
Q

omohyoid

A

-infrahyoid muscle
-long narrow and two bellied
-on anterolateral surface of neck
-have two insertions

34
Q

intrinsic muscles

A

-both attachments in larynx
-provide fine motor movement for speech

35
Q

thyroarytenoid

A

-intrinsic muscle
-paired adductor and tensor
-directly associated with phonation
-tenses or relaxes to raise of lower speech

36
Q

vocalis muscle

A

medial portion of thyroarytenoid

ordering vocal ligament

37
Q

thyromuscularis

A

lateral portion of thyroarytenoid

38
Q

poaterior cricoaryntenoid

A

-intrinsic muscle
-paired
-only muscle that abducts the vocal folds

39
Q

lateral cricoarytenoid

A

-intrinsic muscle
-paires
-shaped like narrow fan
-regulated medial compression of vocal folds

40
Q

arytenoid

A

-intrinsic muscle
-oblique: at an angle with a lot of movement: approximates arytenoid cartilages

-transverse: horizontal; approximates arytenoid cartilages and adducts vocal folds

41
Q

cricothyroid

A

-instrinsic muscle
-tensor
-decreases distance between thyroid lamina and cricoid cartilage = stretching vocal folds

42
Q

thyroid glands

A

-not a muscle, but covers outer portions of thyroid cartilage
-controls metabolic functions

43
Q

cycle of vocal fold vibration

A

Vocal folds meet at midline to restrict subglottal air pressure. The subglottal pressure increases until vocal folds are blown apart. The vocal folds then return to original shape due to elasticity/ The pressure builds up again and cycle repeats.

44
Q

simulatneous attack

A

meet at midline where pressure causes them to separate- most desirable

45
Q

breathy attack

A

air released before vocal folds meet at the midline
-excess are projected and voice has breathy quality

46
Q

hard attack

A

vocal folds held together; release is explosive in nature
-release in harsh in nature

47
Q

how to increase pitch

A

-increases as cross sectional mass decreases as vocal folds are stretched.
-Lengthened by cricothyroid muscle and tensed by thyroarytenoid muscle

48
Q

how to decrease pitch

A

-decrease as cross sectional mass increases.
-Thyroarytenoid contracts when not opposed by other muscles; position of larynx rises/falls with pitch

49
Q

cavities of vocal tract

A

supraglottal
subglottal

50
Q

extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

hypoglossus and geniohyoid

51
Q
A

Anatomy and Physiology (9 decks)

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