exam 5 study guide

Question 1

why is the mandible important?

Answer 1

mastication
speech production (only bone in skull that moves)

Question 2

vermilion-area of the lips

Answer 2

red area

red due to transparent epithelium and blood

Question 3

cupids bow - area of lips

Answer 3

bow shaped upper boundary of lip

Question 4

philtrum- area of lip

Answer 4

vertical groove in middle of upper lip

Question 5

columeila- area of lip

Answer 5

vertical ridges beside philtrum

Question 6

orbicularis oris muscle

Answer 6

principle muscle that purses lips

Question 7

mentalis muscle

Answer 7

muscle of chin drawing down corner of lips

originates around mental tuberosity and inserts at corner of mouth

Question 8

parts of teeth

Answer 8

crown- covered by enamel (1/3)
neck- where crown and root meet
root- covered by cementum (2/3)

Question 9

deciduous/primary dental arches

Answer 9

20 teeth (5 teeth per half arch)

2 incisors
1 cuspid (canine)
2 molars

Question 10

permanent dental arch

Answer 10

32 teeth (8 teeth per half arch)

2 incisors
1 cuspid
2 bicuspids
3 molars

Question 11

Angie’s classifications

Answer 11

classify occlusions or relation of upper and lower jaw by position of teeth

Question 12

Class I occlusion

Answer 12

normal occlusion

Question 13

Class II occlusion

Answer 13

distoclusion

overbite

Question 14

Class III occlusion

Answer 14

mesioclusion/prognathic jaw

underbite

Question 15

closed bite

Answer 15

back teeth meet and anterior do not

Question 16

lateral bite

Answer 16

when there is an open bite on one side of the mouth/dental arch

Question 17

muscles of mandible

Answer 17

depressors:
-geniodhyoid
-diagastricus- posterior
-mylohyoid
-genioglossus

elevators:
-internal pterygoid
-masseter
-temporalis

retract:
-temporalis
-geniohyoid
-diagastricus- anterior

protrude:
-external and internal pterygoid

lateral movement:
-external and internal pterygoid
-temporalis

Question 18

digastricus muscle
(mandible)

Answer 18

anterior belly:
origin-inner surface of lower border of mandibular symphysis
insertion- intermediate tendon

posterior belly:
origin-mastoid process of temporal bone
insertion-intermediate tendon

action:elevate hyoid bone or depress mandible

Question 19

mylohyoid muscle- mandible

Answer 19

floor of mouth

origin- mylohyoid line on inner surface of mandible
insertion-median raphe (posterior fibers-body of hyoid bone)

Question 20

geniohyoid muscle- mandible

Answer 20

rope muscle superior to medial border of mylohyoid

origin-inner mandibular symphysis
insertion- body of hyoid bone

Question 21

lateral (external) pterygoid

Answer 21

origins- lateral portion of the greater wing of sphenoid bone & lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
insertion- pterygoid fossa

action-moves mandible forward

Question 22

masseter muscle- mandible

Answer 22

flat, thick, palpable on rami

external fibers:
origin-zygomatic arch via an aponeurosis
insertion-lateral surface of ramus of mandible

internal fibers:
origin-posterior surface of lower border and medial surface of zygomatic arch
insertion- upper half of ramus and lateral surface of coronoid process of mandible

action: elevates and closes jaw

Question 23

temporalis muscle- mandible

Answer 23

thin and fan shaped

origin-temporal fossa
insertion-anterior border of ramus and coronoid process

Question 24

medial (internal) pterygoid muscle- mandible

Answer 24

quadrilateral shaped

origin- pterygoid fossa (between base of lateral and medial pterygoid plates)
insertion-medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible

Question 25

what is the most important muscle for speech production?

Answer 25

tongue

Question 26

what is the function of the soft palate?

Answer 26

blocks air escape through nasal cavity

Question 27

what is another name for the soft palate?

Answer 27

velum

Question 28

what muscles close off the palate?

Answer 28

palatoglossus
palatopharyngeal
tensor palati

Question 29

function of the superior longitudinal muscle of the tongue

Answer 29

shorten/curl tongue up

Question 30

function of the inferior longitudinal muscle of the tongue

Answer 30

shorten/curl tongue down

Question 31

function of the transverse muscle of the tongue

Answer 31

make tongue narrow

Question 32

function of the vertical muscle fibers of the tongue

Answer 32

flatten tongue

Question 33

function of the genioglossus muscle of the tongue

Answer 33

anterior fibers: protrude tongue
depress tongue

Question 34

function of the styloglossus muscle of the tongue

Answer 34

elevate and retract tongue

Question 35

function of the palatoglossus muscle of the tongue

Answer 35

elevates tongue

Question 36

function of the hypoglossus muscle of the tongue

Answer 36

depresses tongue

Question 37

subcavaties of the pharynx

Answer 37

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

Question 38

scientific word for chewing

Answer 38

mastication

Question 39

facial bones

Answer 39

Maxilla
Mandible
Nasals
Lacrimal
Inferior concha
Vomer
Palatine bones
Zygomatic

Question 40

cranial skull

Answer 40

Frontal bone
Occipital bone
Temporal bone
Ethmoid bone
Sphenoid bone
Parietal bone

Question 41

feedback systems

Answer 41

auditory
kinesthetic-muscle contraction
tactile-touch on surface of articulators
visual-watching self in mirror

Question 42

4 factors that affect speech production

Answer 42

1. resonance
2. point of articulators
3. manner of production
4. voicing

Question 43

phases of swallowing

Answer 43

oral
pharyngeal
esophageal