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Anatomy and Physiology > exam 1a ch 1 > Flashcards

exam 1a ch 1 Flashcards

1
Q

prone

A

lying on stomach

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2
Q

supine

A

laying on back

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3
Q

ventral

A

toward front of body

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4
Q

dorsal

A

toward back of body

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5
Q

anterior

A

toward the front

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6
Q

posterior

A

to the back

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7
Q

superficial

A

toward the surface of the body

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8
Q

deep

A

away from the surface of the body

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9
Q

superior

A

above

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10
Q

inferior

A

below

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11
Q

cranial

A

toward head

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12
Q

caudal

A

toward tail

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13
Q

external

A

toward outer surface

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14
Q

internal

A

toward inner surface

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15
Q

medial

A

toward axis or midline

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16
Q

lateral

A

away from the axis or midline

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17
Q

distal

A

away from the body or away from the root of a limb

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18
Q

proximal

A

toward body or toward root of a limb

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19
Q

central

A

pertaining to or situated at the center

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20
Q

peripheral

A

toward outer surface or outer parts

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21
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

limbs

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22
Q

axial skeleton

A

torso and head

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23
Q

planes

A

sagittal
frontal
coronal
transverse

24
Q

sagittal plane

A

vertical plane dividing right and left halves

25
Q

frontal plane

A

vertical plane dividing front and back halves

26
Q

coronal plane

A

synonymous woth frontal

27
Q

transverse plane

A

horizontal plane dividing upper and lower

28
Q

all living matter must have the following characteristics

A

-made of cells
-irritability (reaction to changes)
-growth
-spontaneous movement (independent)
-metabolism
-reproduce

29
Q

types of tissue

A

1.epithelial
2.connective
(loose, dense, special)
3. muscle
4. nervous system

30
Q

epithelial tissue

A

sheets of tissue covering external surface of the body

function: protect body

31
Q

connective tissue

A

provides structural support

32
Q

3 types of connective tissue

A

loose
deep
special

33
Q

types of loose tissue

A

areolar- foundation of skin
adipose- found under skin, composed of fat cells

34
Q

types of deep connective tissue

A

tendons
ligaments
fascia

35
Q

tendons

A

tough, non elastic cords

connect muscle to bone, cartilage, or other muscles

36
Q

ligaments

A

elastic cords

attach bone to cartilage, bone to bone, and cartilage to cartilage

never attached to muscles

37
Q

fascia

A

sheets of membrane tissue and covers organs and organ systems

38
Q

types of special connective tissue

A

cartilage
bone

39
Q

3 types of cartilage

A

hyaline: translucent; on articulatory surfaces

elastic: yellow; resumes shape

fibrous: white; withstands pressure

40
Q

bone

A

compact: dense and provides strength

spongy: porous and contains marrow

humans have 206 bones

41
Q

function of muscle

A

function: move body parts

42
Q

3 types of muscles

A

striated
smooth
cardiac

43
Q

striated muscle

A

under voluntary control

consists of evenly lined spaces or bands

329 in body (in pairs other than between eyebrows and diaphragm)

44
Q

smooth muscle

A

under involuntary control

found in stomach, intestines, blood vessels

contraction is slow and sustained

45
Q

cardiac muscle

A

striated but involuntary

found only in heart

46
Q

function of nervous tissue

A

function: to communicate between body parts, between organisms and environment, and integrate info from body parts and environment

47
Q

grey matter

A

made of cell bodies (basal ganglia)

irritable
response is electrochemical (fires action potential)

responsible for thinking and decision making

48
Q

white matter

A

covered by mlyelin sheath

pathway for communication between body parts

49
Q

function of vascular system

A

function: exchange gasses, deliver nutrients, and protect against foreign bodies

50
Q

parts of vascular system

A

blood plasma
red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets

51
Q

blood plasma

A

fluid portion of blood and controls temperature

52
Q

red blood cells

A

(erythrocytes)

contain hemoglobin (takes oxygen to cells, removes carbon dioxide, important for respiration

53
Q

white blood cells

A

(luekocytes)

defend the body by attacking foreign bodies; make up immune system

54
Q

platelets

A

cells produce enzyme that clots blood

55
Q

organs

A

made up of two or more tissues that work together to perform a special function

56
Q

systems

A

two or more organs which work together to perform a special function

Anatomy and Physiology (6 decks)

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