exam 1a ch 1 Flashcards
prone
lying on stomach
supine
laying on back
ventral
toward front of body
dorsal
toward back of body
anterior
toward the front
posterior
to the back
superficial
toward the surface of the body
deep
away from the surface of the body
superior
above
inferior
below
cranial
toward head
caudal
toward tail
external
toward outer surface
internal
toward inner surface
medial
toward axis or midline
lateral
away from the axis or midline
distal
away from the body or away from the root of a limb
proximal
toward body or toward root of a limb
central
pertaining to or situated at the center
peripheral
toward outer surface or outer parts
appendicular skeleton
limbs
axial skeleton
torso and head
planes
sagittal
frontal
coronal
transverse
sagittal plane
vertical plane dividing right and left halves
frontal plane
vertical plane dividing front and back halves
coronal plane
synonymous woth frontal
transverse plane
horizontal plane dividing upper and lower
all living matter must have the following characteristics
-made of cells
-irritability (reaction to changes)
-growth
-spontaneous movement (independent)
-metabolism
-reproduce
types of tissue
1.epithelial
2.connective
(loose, dense, special)
3. muscle
4. nervous system
epithelial tissue
sheets of tissue covering external surface of the body
function: protect body
connective tissue
provides structural support
3 types of connective tissue
loose
deep
special
types of loose tissue
areolar- foundation of skin
adipose- found under skin, composed of fat cells
types of deep connective tissue
tendons
ligaments
fascia
tendons
tough, non elastic cords
connect muscle to bone, cartilage, or other muscles
ligaments
elastic cords
attach bone to cartilage, bone to bone, and cartilage to cartilage
never attached to muscles
fascia
sheets of membrane tissue and covers organs and organ systems
types of special connective tissue
cartilage
bone
3 types of cartilage
hyaline: translucent; on articulatory surfaces
elastic: yellow; resumes shape
fibrous: white; withstands pressure
bone
compact: dense and provides strength
spongy: porous and contains marrow
humans have 206 bones
function of muscle
function: move body parts
3 types of muscles
striated
smooth
cardiac
striated muscle
under voluntary control
consists of evenly lined spaces or bands
329 in body (in pairs other than between eyebrows and diaphragm)
smooth muscle
under involuntary control
found in stomach, intestines, blood vessels
contraction is slow and sustained
cardiac muscle
striated but involuntary
found only in heart
function of nervous tissue
function: to communicate between body parts, between organisms and environment, and integrate info from body parts and environment
grey matter
made of cell bodies (basal ganglia)
irritable
response is electrochemical (fires action potential)
responsible for thinking and decision making
white matter
covered by mlyelin sheath
pathway for communication between body parts
function of vascular system
function: exchange gasses, deliver nutrients, and protect against foreign bodies
parts of vascular system
blood plasma
red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
blood plasma
fluid portion of blood and controls temperature
red blood cells
(erythrocytes)
contain hemoglobin (takes oxygen to cells, removes carbon dioxide, important for respiration
white blood cells
(luekocytes)
defend the body by attacking foreign bodies; make up immune system
platelets
cells produce enzyme that clots blood
organs
made up of two or more tissues that work together to perform a special function
systems
two or more organs which work together to perform a special function
