Final Review Flashcards
Describe Robert Boyle’s experiment that proved what Galileo believed, that “all bodies fall at the same speed in a vacuum.”
Boyle placed a feather and a lump of lead in a glass cylinder and pumped all the air out. When he turned the glass cylinder upside down, bot the feather and lead fell side by side.
lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere
solid, liquid, gas
The New York Times reported that rocket motors would not work in space. “The motor would have nothing to push against.” Explain how Robert Goddard disproved that myth.
While in college, Goddard pumped air out of a long pipe and fired a small rocket motor inside. The engine worked in the vacuum, just like in space.
What did Sir Isaac newton conclude a falling apple and the moon circling the earth have in common?
The earth’s gravity causes both events
large tides caused by the sun and new moon
spring
the name of Isaac Newton’s book
Principia
famous artist who made drawings of Yellowstone Park
Thomas Moran
the name of first artificial satellite launched on October 4, 1957
Sputnik I
How was Ptolemy able to gather so much of the world’s knowledge at that time for his library and museum in Alexandria, Egypt?
He ordered a search of all ships, caravans, and visitors entering Alexandria. When books, maps, or anything interesting was found, they were confiscated, taken to the library where they were copied, and then returned
Explain the three ways the Greeks knew the earth was round.
lunar eclipse- the shadow of the earth as it fell on the moon was circular.
A ship sailing out to sea - the hull disappears first and the mast last (if the earth were flat, the ship would just get smaller).
The North Star was higher in the North than in the South.
Why does a sea breeze blow from the sea to the shore during the day but reverse itself at night?
As the land warms during the day, the air above it also warms, causing rising convection currents above the land. The cool air above the ocean flows in to replace the rising warm air. At night the land cools below the temperature of the sea. The warmer air above the sea rises (convection current), and the cooler air from the land flows in to replace it. This revers is caused by temperature fluctuations on land but very little temperature fluctuation in sea water.
The movement of heat by currents within a substance (liquids & gases)
convection
circumference of the earth
24,875 miles
calculated the circumference (distance around) of the earth
Eratosthenes
“river in the sea”
Gulf Stream
gave his name to the “new land”
Amerigo Vespucius
rim of the Pacific basin that has lots of earthquakes and active volcanos
ring of fire
cannot find this position without a clock
longitude
discovery made by America’s first satellite
radiation belt surrounds the earth
Explain what caused deep grooves in solid rock in valley walls, and caused boulders to do the southern plains far from the mountains of their origin.
Glaciers move, pressing boulders against valley walls, carving deep grooves. Glaciers carried the boulders to the southern plain, leaving them as they melted
opened a library and museum in Alexandria
Ptolemy
the name of first successful U.S. satellite
Explorer I
caused the formation of the Great Lakes and an ice sheet all the way to the Mediterranean Sea
Ice Age
the distance in degrees north and south
latitude
How did Torricelli make (invent) the first barometer?
He filled a long glass tube closed at one end and open at the other end, and up-ended the tube in a dish of mercury. When he removed his finger, the mercury partially drained to a height of approximately 30 inches - the first barometer.
responsible for holding the moon in orbit and holding the solar system together
gravity
connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean
Strait of Gibraltar
the primary factor in giving ocean currents their life
temperature differences
How are glaciers made?
By the accumulation of snowflakes over time. As they get deeper the weight of the snow compresses into ice. Also, there is more snowfall in the winter than melts in the summer.
air pressure at sea level in pounds per square inch (PSI)
14.7
