Chapters 16-20

Question 1

father of American “rocketry”; built rocket engine that burned kerosene and liquid oxygen

Answer 1

Robert Goddard

Question 2

liquid element used in barometers that is 13.6 times more dense than water

Answer 2

mercury

Question 3

first successful flight in a motor-powered aircraft (name of persons)

Answer 3

Wright brothers

Question 4

first person to study heavier-than-air flight

Answer 4

Leonardo da Vinci

Question 5

built the first hot air baloon

Answer 5

the Montgolfiers

Question 6

German rocket scientist, author of the book The Mars Project

Answer 6

Wernher von Braun

Question 7

invented the Altimeter

Answer 7

Blaies Pascal

Question 8

built the first human glider

Answer 8

Otto Lilienthal

Question 9

invented an improved air pump that opened many new fields in science

Answer 9

Robert Boyle

Question 10

If a barometer at sea level measures 30 inches of mercury, and is take to a height of 18,500 ft. (3.5 miles) above sea level, the same barometer measures 15 inches of mercury. What does this mean?

Answer 10

Half of the atmosphere is below 18,500 feet.

Question 11

the name of first successful U.S. satellite

Answer 11

Explorer I

Question 12

designed, built, and flew the first hydrogen-filled balloon

Answer 12

Professor Jacques Charles

Question 13

The New York Times reported that rocket motors would not work in space. “The motor would have nothing to push against.” Explain how Robert Goddard disproved that myth.

Answer 13

While in college, Goddard pumped air out of a long pipe and fired a small rocket motor inside. The engine worked in the vacuum, just like in space.

Question 14

Name five of Richard E. Byrd’s accomplishments:

Answer 14

Graduated from U.S. Naval Academy

Flew over both poles

Established a scientific base in Antarctica named Little America

Wintered 5 months alone in a hut south of Little America by himself

Made a trip around the world by himself at age 12

Question 15

the name of first artificial satellite launched on October 4, 1957

Answer 15

Sputnik I

Question 16

Describe Robert Boyle’s experiment that proved what Galileo believed, that “all bodies fall at the same speed in a vacuum.”

Answer 16

Boyle placed a feather and a lump of lead in a glass cylinder and pumped all the air out. When he turned the glass cylinder upside down, bot the feather and lead fell side by side.

Question 17

How did Torricelli make (invent) the first barometer?

Answer 17

He filled a long glass tube closed at one end and open at the other end, and up-ended the tube in a dish of mercury. When he removed his finger, the mercury partially drained to a height of approximately 30 inches - the first barometer.

Question 18

air pressure at sea level in pounds per square inch (PSI)

Answer 18

14.7

Question 19

discovery made by America’s first satellite

Answer 19

radiation belt surrounds the earth