Chapters 16-20 Test Review

Question 1

air pressure at sea level in pounds per square inch (PSI)

Answer 1

14.7

Question 2

If a barometer at sea level measures 30 inches of mercury, and is take to a height of 18,500 ft. (3.5 miles) above sea level, the same barometer measures 15 inches of mercury. What does this mean?

Answer 2

Half of the atmosphere is below 18,500 feet.

Question 3

designed, built, and flew the first hydrogen-filled balloon

Answer 3

Professor Jacques Charles

Question 4

How did Torricelli make (invent) the first barometer?

Answer 4

He filled a long glass tube closed at one end and open at the other end, and up-ended the tube in a dish of mercury. When he removed his finger, the mercury partially drained to a height of approximately 30 inches - the first barometer.

Question 5

first person to study heavier-than-air flight

Answer 5

Leonardo da Vinci

Question 6

the name of first artificial satellite launched on October 4, 1957

Answer 6

Sputnik I

Question 7

discovery made by America’s first satellite

Answer 7

radiation belt surrounds the earth

Question 8

liquid element used in barometers that is 13.6 times more dense than water

Answer 8

mercury

Question 9

father of American “rocketry”; built rocket engine that burned kerosene and liquid oxygen

Answer 9

Robert Goddard

Question 10

the name of first successful U.S. satellite

Answer 10

Explorer I

Question 11

German rocket scientist, author of the book The Mars Project

Answer 11

Wernher von Braun

Question 12

invented an improved air pump that opened many new fields in science

Answer 12

Robert Boyle

Question 13

invented the Altimeter

Answer 13

Blaies Pascal

Question 14

first successful flight in a motor-powered aircraft (name of persons)

Answer 14

Wright brothers

Question 15

Describe Robert Boyle’s experiment that proved what Galileo believed, that “all bodies fall at the same speed in a vacuum.”

Answer 15

Boyle placed a feather and a lump of lead in a glass cylinder and pumped all the air out. When he turned the glass cylinder upside down, bot the feather and lead fell side by side.

Question 16

The New York Times reported that rocket motors would not work in space. “The motor would have nothing to push against.” Explain how Robert Goddard disproved that myth.

Answer 16

While in college, Goddard pumped air out of a long pipe and fired a small rocket motor inside. The engine worked in the vacuum, just like in space.

Question 17

Name five of Richard E. Byrd’s accomplishments:

Answer 17

Graduated from U.S. Naval Academy

Flew over both poles

Established a scientific base in Antarctica named Little America

Wintered 5 months alone in a hut south of Little America by himself

Made a trip around the world by himself at age 12

Question 18

built the first human glider

Answer 18

Otto Lilienthal

Question 19

built the first hot air baloon

Answer 19

the Montgolfiers