Final Review Flashcards
1
Q
True or False?
Proponents of the psychological-behavioural model suggest that mental illness is a disease caused by biological dysfunctions
A
False
2
Q
The World Health Organization describes an individual as mentally healthy if he/she ______________.
A) has mental health supports in the community
B) realizes his or her own abilities, copes with normal life stress, is productive and fruitful, and able to contribute to community
C) can cope with normal life stress when supported by the community and health institutions and is a key figure of the society
D) is not mentally ill
A
B
3
Q
Recent (2017) estimates by the World Health Organization (WHO) indicate that nearly \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the global population live with depression A) 15% B) 5% C) 20% D) 10%
A
B
4
Q
Which of the following interventions is the most likely to be used by biomedical adherents in the treatment of mental disorders? A) Electrocution B) Psychopharmaceuticals C) Psychoanalysis D) Psychotherapy
A
B
5
Q
It is estimated that roughly \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ people may be diagnosed with a mental health problem at some point in their lifetime. A) 1 in 3 B) 1 in 5 C) 2 in 5 D) 2 in 3
A
A
6
Q
A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a measurable substance in the body whose existence indicates the presence of a disorder/disease. A) Bio-system B) Bio-symptom C) Bio-organism D) Biomarker
A
D
7
Q
The acronym DSM stands for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Diagnostic and Statistics Manual B) Diagnosis and Statistical Manual C) Diagnosis and Statistics Manual D) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
A
D
8
Q
According to the social model, any attempt to conceptualize and define mental illness must take into account \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) status, power B) culture, wealth C) power, culture D) power, wealth
A
C
9
Q
True or False?
Psychotherapy may be performed by a psychiatrist, psychologist, or a social worker
A
True
10
Q
True or False?
The term “social” as implied in the biopsychosocial model refers to the role of power and culture in defining mental health and illness
A
False
11
Q
True or False?
London’s Bethlem (Bedlam) Hospital was most famous for its humane treatment of the mentally ill.
A
False
12
Q
In the 18th century, the term \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ was used to describe any form of human behaviour that was perceived to be bizarre, dangerous or irrational. A) crazy B) mental deficits C) mental illness D) madness
A
D
13
Q
Prior to the 19th Century, Hospitals for individuals suffering from madness were more \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ than \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) customary, medical B) custodial, medical C) medical, custodial D) medicinal, customary
A
B
14
Q
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the process whereby human problems or conditions become understood as problems best treated by medical professionals A) Medical conceptualization B) Medication C) Medical conditioning D) Medicalization
A
D
15
Q
The rise of psychiatry and psychiatrist in the 19th century is closely linked to the emergence of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Psychopharmaceuticals B) Psychiatric inpatient wards C) Psychiatric outpatient departments D) Asylums
A
D
16
Q
Psychoanalysis is a treatment system and philosophy whose origins are associated with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Sigmund Freud B) Erik Erikson C) Emil Kraepelin D) Thomas Szasz
A
A
17
Q
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ refers to the practice of puncturing the skull with holes to rectify madness. A) Trepidation B) Treponema C) Trepanning D) Trespassing
A
C
18
Q
True or False?
Both Metrazol and insulin shock therapies utilized chemically-induced comas, rather than electric currents.
A
True
19
Q
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a surgical procedure involving the severing of the prefrontal cortex from the brain. A) Dredging B) Lobotomy C) Trepanning D) Drilling
A
B
20
Q
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ refers to the process that witnessed the closing of many large, state-run hospitals in favour of community-based treatments. A) Asylum disintegration B) Desinstitutionalization C) Community-based mental health D) Demedicalization
A
B
21
Q
Psychoactive drugs refer to substances that ________.
A) increase brain activity
B) impact feelings, thoughts and behaviours
C) activate and support motor activity
D) makes an individual less susceptible to mental health problems
A
B
22
Q
A major impact of drug treatment on psychiatry is the ________.
A) improved practice in asylums
B) increased acceptance and legitimization of the neurobiological basis of mental health and illness
C) neglect of the psychosocial aspects of mental health and illness
D) rejection of psychotherapeutic treatment modules
A
B
23
Q
Antipsychotics and mood stabilizers are psychopharmaceuticals used to treat \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ respectively A) Psychosis and moodiness B) psychosis and depression C) psychosis and bipolar disorder D) psychosis and anxiety
A
C
24
Q
Which of the following twentieth-century developments played a key role in enhancing perceptions about the importance of psychoactive drugs? A) Globalization of society B) Postmodernism C) Deinstitutionalization D) The modern pharmaceutical industry
A
D
25
Which of the of psychoactive drugs listed below were exclusively manufactured by the pharmaceutical industry and billed as therapeutic in the 19th century?
A) Alcohol
B) Morphine
C) Barbiturates
B
26
Psychiatry’s shift from an institutional focus was aided by the successful use of ________ in the treatment of psychotic and suicidal patients living in the community
A) Thorazine
B) Prozac
C) Amphetamines
A
27
```
________ refers to the process by which pharmaceutical companies “sell disease” by promoting awareness of a particular condition, stressing its impact on sufferers
A) Disease awareness
B) Disease mongering
C) Disorder awareness
D) Sensitization to disease
```
B
28
In the early 20th century, therapeutic reformers formalized and narrowed the meaning of medicine and therapy to _________.
A) limit the practice of medicine
B) improve therapeutic services
C) enhance patients’ health outcomes
D) protect consumers from dangerous practices
D
29
True or False?
In the 19th century, opiates, cocaine and alcohol were sold as medicine by the ‘patent medicine’ sector of the pharmaceutical market
True
30
True or False?
| Evidence suggests there is a symbiotic relationship between psychopharmaceutical medications and clinical practice
True
31
```
Hallucinations and delusions are two basic forms of ________.
A) Psychedelic symptoms
B) Psychopathy
C) Psychosis
D) Negative symptoms
```
C
32
```
Anhedonia is the ________.
A) inability to feel pleasure
B) experience of enjoyment
C) lack of social engagement
D) fear of pleasure
```
A
33
Positive symptoms refer to _________.
A) changes in a person’s behaviour or thoughts, typically not expected among the general population
B) relative changes in psychodynamic and somatic symptoms over a specific period
C) behaviour and thought changes involving the reduction or elimination of expected behaviours
A
34
```
This theory suggests that the lower income status of individuals living with schizophrenia is a consequence, rather than a cause of their illness
A) Social causation hypothesis
B) Biosocial hypothesis
C) Drift hypothesis
D) Causation-selection hypothesis
```
C
35
```
______ is a type of delusion where a person believes they are in a position of great power, like the head of a government
A) Grandiose delusions
B) Persecutory delusions
C) Somatic delusion
D) Jealous delusion
```
A
36
When diagnosing schizophrenia, a patient’s ________ is another hallmark sign that healthcare practitioners consider
A) health choices
B) sense of self
C) lack of drive
C
37
```
The term schizophrenia was coined by Swiss Physician called ________
A) Eugene Landy
B) Emil Kraepelin
C) Eugen Bleuler
D) Erik Erikson
```
C
38
```
Until recently, many of the original international studies of schizophrenia relied on ________ conceptions of the disorder
A) European
B) Euro-American
C) African American
D) Asian-American
```
B
39
True or False?
The negative symptoms of schizophrenia are fundamentally linked to a person’s emotional and affective engagement with the world
True
40
True or False?
| Recent research confirms that there is a schizophrenia gene
False
41
True or False?
| It is believed among some researchers that cognitive deficits are the primary hallmark of schizophrenia
True
42
True or False?
| Unlike hallucinations, delusions only come in one form
False
43
The concept of melancholia refers to a state of ________
A) extreme excitement
B) profound sadness
C) strong affection
B
44
```
An individual experiencing low mood, anhedonia, worthlessness, poor energy and suicidal thoughts is likely to be diagnosed with Major Depressive disorder if these symptoms persist for ________
A) 3 weeks
B) more than a week
C) at least 2 weeks
D) a month
```
C
45
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is theoretically distinguished from premenstrual syndrome on the basis of its ________
A) severity and impact on daily functioning
B) duration and timing
C) onset and course
D) cause, course, and treatment
A
46
```
In 2017, it was estimated that the incidence and prevalence of depression is increasing among ________
A) youth
B) children
C) the elderly
D) all age groups
```
D
47
```
_______ is the mildest form of bipolar disorder
A) Cyclothymia
B) Cyclothymia I
C) Bipolar I
D) Bipolar II
```
A
48
True or False?
| The term hypomania refers to a severe form of mania
False
49
Why are antidepressants the most commonly used treatment for depression, rather than psychotherapy.? Please choose the most accurate answer.
A) Antidepressants are far more effective than psychotherapy
B) Psychotherapy costs more than antidepressants
C) Accessibility problems (lack of providers and health insurance coverage) restrict use of psychotherapy
D) Antidepressants are far more effective than psychotherapy AND psychotherapy costs more than antidepressants
E) Antidepressants are far more effective than psychotherapy AND psychotherapy costs more than antidepressants AND accessibility problems (lack of providers and health insurance coverage) restrict use of psychotherapy
F) Psychotherapy costs more than antidepressants AND accessibility problems (lack of providers and health insurance coverage) restrict use of psychotherapy
F
50
```
One of the physical health problems below share similar symptoms with panic disorder
A) Cancer
B) Heart trouble
C) Alzheimer’s
D) Diabetes
```
B
51
```
Estimates indicate that about ________ of the global population suffer from general anxiety disorder
A) 3%
B) 5%
C) 8%
D) 4%
```
D
52
True or False?
| Men are twice as likely as women to experience specific phobias
False
53
True or False?
Bereavement exclusion implies that individuals who exhibited major depressive symptoms should be diagnosed with depression, even if their depressive symptoms occurred shortly after the death of a loved one
False
54
Agoraphobia is also known as ________.
A) general phobia
B) social phobia
C) non-specific phobia
C
55
```
________ refers to the repetitive consumption of substances, or repetitive engagement in activities, considered to be problematic.
A) Inebriety
B) Substance use
C) Problematic consumption
D) Addiction
```
D
56
```
Increased tolerance and withdrawal symptoms are the two key components of the concept of _________________.
A) Addiction
B) Compulsion
C) Intoxication
D) Dependence
```
D
57
```
The _________ model of managing harms stemming from substance use, blends elements of social justice with healthcare to treat addiction in a way that fundamentally respects the rights of people who use drugs.
A) War on Drugs
B) Abstinence
C) Harm reduction
D) Human-centered
```
C
58
```
Which of the following countries is noted as providing an example of a public health approach to drug problems, funneling money into addiction treatment instead of law enforcement.
A) Canada
B) Switzerland
C) Spain
D) France
```
B
59
```
Which of these medications is used to support reduced consumption of alcohol among people experiencing mild to moderate alcohol dependence (or alcohol use disorder)?
A) Disulfiram
B) Naltrexone
C) Nalmefene
D) Acamprosate
```
C
60
```
The DSM-5 uses the term “addiction” and includes nonchemical, behavioural addictions within the section titled “Substance Use and Addictive Disorders”. This emphasizes the _________aspects of dependence, rather than the ______processes related to dependence on psychoactive substances.
A) Psychological, psycho-social
B) Physiological, psychological
C) Biological, psychological
D) Psychological, physiological
```
D
61
```
In the “Frankenstein narrative” regarding particular psychoactive substances (as described by Mike Jay, 2000), the medical system (medication producers and physicians) often promotes a substance (as therapeutic and safe), only to then later restrict it and have it become demonized. This is evident in the history of the following substances in the United States:
A) Oxycontin
B) Cocaine
C) Morphine
D) Miltown
E) All of the above
```
E
62
True or False?
| Addiction adversely affects both the individual and the people in his or her social network.
True
63
True or False?
| The term alcoholism emerged as a popular and consistent label in the 1960s
False
64
True or False?
| The disease model of addiction assumes that some substances are inherently prone to causing addiction.
False
65
True or False?
| The term dependence (in relation to substance use) is typically conceptualized as being physiological in nature.
True
66
True or False?
| From a public health perspective, problematic substance use is best understood as a biopsychosocial problem.
True
67
```
________ is when symptoms seem to be common across many diagnostic categories.
A) Symptom integration
B) Symptom similarities
C) Symptom overlap
D) Symptom continuity
```
C
68
In a clinical setting, a PTSD diagnosis includes the experience of the following symptoms, EXCEPT ________.
A) intrusive symptoms
B) avoidance of trauma-related stimuli
C) negative alterations in cognition and mood
D) changes in heart rate
D
69
```
________ is a term referring to how medicine classifies illness.
A) Categorization
B) Nosology
C) Diagnostics
D) Disease classification
```
B
70
```
Medicine typically classifies disease based on ________.
A) Course
B) Cause
C) Therapy
D) Consequence
```
B
71
The term heterogeneity is used to describe when ________.
A) people diagnosed with the same disorder exhibit different symptoms
B) people diagnosed with different disorders exhibit the same symptoms
C) people diagnosed with different disorders exhibit different symptoms
D) people diagnosed with the same disorder exhibit similar symptoms
A
72
```
Obsessive compulsive disorder usually involves the manifestation of ________ thoughts.
A) violent and abuse
B) intrusive and obsessive
C) intrusive and abusive
D) excessive and intrusive
```
B
73
```
Autogenous symptoms are ________.
A) self-generated triggers
B) externally-generated triggers
C) internally developed symptoms
D) externally conceived trigger points
```
A
74
```
A state in which one feels outside of his or her own body is called ________.
A) impersonalization
B) derealization
C) depersonalization
D) selflessness
```
C
75
```
________ is the term used to describe cognitive processes related to organizing thoughts, managing time, decision-making, problem solving and remembering details.
A) Decisive function
B) Definitive functioning
C) Executive function
D) Execution functioning
```
C
76
True or False?
| The ICD and DSM focus on symptoms, rather than cause when differentiating one disorder from the other
True
77
True or False?
| PTSD extends beyond the context of war and can follow the experience of any type of stressful or traumatic event.
True
78
True or False?
| The constructivist perspective view knowledge about mental health and illness as fluid, contingent and contextual.
True
79
This category is used to describe symptoms of feeding or eating disorder that does not meet the criteria for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, OSFED or ARFID.
A) Unspecified eating related disorders
B) Specified eating and feeding disorder
C) Specific eating related disorders
D) Unspecified feeding or eating disorder
D
80
Which of the following is not characteristic of a feeding and eating disorder?
A) Persistent disturbance of eating
B) Problematic eating-related behaviour
C) Significant lack of food within household
D) Altered consumption of food
C
81
```
Bulimia nervosa involves recurring episodes of ________, followed by ________.
A) food restriction, binge eating
B) nervousness, binge eating
C) binge eating, food restriction
D) food restriction, nervousness
```
A
82
```
In the Canadian healthcare system, eating disorders are diagnosed by ________.
A) psychiatrists and psychologists
B) medical doctors and psychiatrists
C) psychologists and medical doctors
D) psychiatric nurses
```
C
83
Anorexia athletica is another term for ________.
A) Compulsive exercising
B) Purging disorder
C) Atypical anorexia nervosa
D) Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)
A
84
```
This eating disorder has the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric illness.
A) Bulimia nervosa
B) Binge eating
C) Anorexia nervosa
D) Pica
```
C
85
```
The lifetime prevalence of anorexia nervosa is ________ for women and ________ for men, respectively.
A) 0.9%, 0.3%
B) 3.5%, 0.5%
C) 3.5%, 2.0%
D) 0.5%, 3.5%
```
A
86
All of the following are examples of residual diagnosis of eating disorders, except ________.
A) avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
B) rumination disorder
C) pica
D) binge eating disorder
D
87
True or False?
| Approximately 15 - 47% of youth endorse eating disorder thought patterns and behaviours.
True
88
True or False?
| Unlike binge-eating, bulimia nervosa episodes are not followed by compensating behaviours.
False
89
True or False?
| Binge eating is the medical term for overeating
False
90
```
Which of the following is not considered an environmental factors associated with eating disorders?
A) Childhood maltreatment
B) Parental pressure
C) Peer pressure
D) Genetic predisposition
```
D
91
```
Neurodevelopmental disorders include a large and diverse array of conditions. Which of the conditions below is not a neurodevelopmental disorder?
A) ADHD
B) Down syndrome
C) Major depression
D) Tourette’s syndrome
```
C
92
```
The term ‘attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity’ was first introduced in ________.
A) 1980
B) 1968
C) 1975
D) 1995
```
A
93
```
This disorder has been labelled the most common childhood psychiatric disorder in most countries.
A) Autism
B) Cerebral palsy
C) ADHD
D) Conduct disorder
```
C
94
```
Estimates from most countries suggest that boys are ________ times more likely than girls to be diagnosed with ADHD.
A) 4.5
B) 3
C) 2
D) 3.5
```
B
95
```
The DSM-5 requires that a child present ________ out of the 18 symptoms consistently over a period of ________ months to warrant an ADHD diagnosis.
A) 12, 6
B) 6, 6
C) 6, 12
D) 12, 12
```
B
96
```
In what country was ADHD first diagnosed?
A) United Kingdom
B) Russia
C) United States
D) South Africa
```
C
97
The first term used to describe hyperactive, impulsive, and inattentive children was ________.
A) Attention deficit disorder
B) Hyperkinetic impulse disorder
C) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
D) Conduct disorder
B
98
The symptoms of autism do not include ________.
A) Difficulties with reciprocal social interaction
B) Difficulties with communication
C) Repetitive routines
D) Problematic eating
D
99
True or False?
| FASD is a genetically-determined disorder.
False
100
True or False?
| Neurodevelopmental disorders have both psychological and physical symptoms
True
101
True or False?
| A child is most likely to receive his or her first ADHD diagnosis at school
True
102
True or False?
| About 5% of children in the world have ADHD
True
103
Among medical students and psychiatric residents, culture is frequently envisioned as something possessed by ________.
A) Practitioners
B) Patients
C) Both patients and practitioners
B
104
```
_______ refers to the reification of one culture’s diagnostic categories and their application to people in another culture, where these categories lack coherence and their validity has not being established.
A) Cultural maladaptation
B) Incoherent cultural adaptations
C) Category fallacy
D) Culturally inappropriate applications
```
C
105
The Culture-Related Diagnostic Issues section of the DSM is meant to ________.
A) discuss culture related psychiatric issues
B) provide guidelines for diagnosing cultural disorders
C) list culture-related factors that might be important for clinicians attempting to form a diagnosis
D) develop a treatment guide for cultural minorities
C
106
```
Over the past century, most psychological norms and patterns of distress have been based on research conducted in ________.
A) Australia and Europe
B) Europe and Asia
C) America and Europe
D) Africa and Asia
```
C
107
This movement was established to ensure equity in mental health treatment for people across the world.
A) Global mental health
B) World mental health
C) International movement for mental health
D) world mental health association
A
108
```
The tendency to imagine one’s own culture as being “correct” is called ________.
A) Ethnicity
B) Ethnography
C) Ethnocentrism
D) Ethnology
```
C
109
```
Which of the organizations below does not provide psychosocial interventions to populations with war and famine-related trauma?
A) Red Cross
B) Medecins sans Frontieres
C) World Health Organization
D) Center for trauma-related disorders
```
D
110
```
The dominance of the biomedical paradigm over mental health policy and services is collectively referred to as ________.
A) Psy-complex
B) Psycho-dominance
C) Biopsych supremacy
D) Pro-biopsych
```
A
111
```
The belief that imbalances of neurotransmitters in the brain causes mental illness is known as ________.
A) Neutrotransmission theory
B) Neural balance theory
C) Chemical imbalance theory
D) Neuro-chemical imbalance theory
```
C
112
True or False?
Throughout their history and practice, psychologists and psychiatrists have been major advocates for cultural understandings of mental illness.
False
113
True or False?
| Cultural-bound syndromes replaced cultural syndromes in the DSM
False
114
```
________ is the systematic subjugation of people who have received mental health diagnosis or treatment
A) Stigmatization
B) Subordination
C) Sanism
D) Psychocentricism
```
C
