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HSCI 214 Midterm > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Define category fallacy
A) The culture of the practitioner limits their ability to see distress outside of medical explanations.
B) A movement led by medical practitioners, non-governmental organizations, and global health authorities that aims to extend access to modern psychiatric care to people in poorer parts of the world
C) A process through which psychological distress is transformed into bodily pain and discomfort
D) Combines anthropology and biomedicine to incorporate cultural understandings of illness into clinical practice

A

A

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2
Q

Define global mental health
A) The culture of the practitioner limits their ability to see distress outside of medical explanations.
B) A movement led by medical practitioners, non-governmental organizations, and global health authorities that aims to extend access to modern psychiatric care to people in poorer parts of the world
C) A process through which psychological distress is transformed into bodily pain and discomfort
D) Combines anthropology and biomedicine to incorporate cultural understandings of illness into clinical practice

A

B

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3
Q

Define somatization
A) The culture of the practitioner limits their ability to see distress outside of medical explanations.
B) A movement led by medical practitioners, non-governmental organizations, and global health authorities that aims to extend access to modern psychiatric care to people in poorer parts of the world
C) A process through which psychological distress is transformed into bodily pain and discomfort
D) Combines anthropology and biomedicine to incorporate cultural understandings of illness into clinical practice

A

C

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4
Q

Define transcultural psychiatry
A) The culture of the practitioner limits their ability to see distress outside of medical explanations.
B) A movement led by medical practitioners, non-governmental organizations, and global health authorities that aims to extend access to modern psychiatric care to people in poorer parts of the world
C) A process through which psychological distress is transformed into bodily pain and discomfort
D) Combines anthropology and biomedicine to incorporate cultural understandings of illness into clinical practice

A

D

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5
Q

True or False?
One of the most significant debates relates to whether mental disorders are universal conditions experienced by people across the globe, or if they might be better conceptualized as locally specific phenomena

A

True

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6
Q

True or False?

Exactly what constitutes culture and cultural practices is notoriously difficult to pin down

A

True

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7
Q

Which of the following is not a common element of most definitions in regards to “culture”?
A) Culture is something social and shared
B) At any given point, individuals generally belong to only one cultural group
C) Although no two individuals necessarily experience culture in the exact same way, culture necessarily involves group membership
D) Within a cultural group, certain beliefs, values, and practices are transmitted from one member to another in a way that helps to shape how an individual understands the world more broadly

A

B (At any given point, individuals generally belong to many cultural groups simultaneously)

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8
Q

True or False?
While culture might help shape one’s framework for thinking and behaving, we should avoid conceiving it in a reductionist or simplistic fashion

A

True

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9
Q

True or False?

Culture is fluid and ever-changing

A

True

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10
Q

True or False?

Culture cannot act as a social determinant of health

A

False (Culture CAN act as a social determinant of health)

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11
Q

True or False?
From all indications, people’s experiences of mental health problems are substantially structured by their own cultural context

A

True

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12
Q

True or False?

Culture structures our likelihood of experiencing a host of mental health issues

A

True

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13
Q 
Who described the dangers of category fallacy?
A) Arthur Kleinman
B) Erik Erikson
C) Emil Kraepelin
D) Mark Anthony
A

A

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14
Q

True or False?

How people conceptualize their mental distress is largely a product of their cultural context

A

True

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15
Q 
Practitioners like \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ discourage us from adopting singular systems for understanding psychological difficulties
A) Thomas Lewein
B) Erik Erikson
C) Emil Kraepelin
D) Arthur Kleinman
A

D

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16
Q

True or False?
People from some culture-sharing groups are less likely than others to consult physicians and psychiatrists for their psychological complaints

A

True

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17
Q

What does the term “backwardness” mean?
A) People with mental illnesses often walk backwards to keep their minds occupied
B) People from some culture-sharing groups are less likely than others to consult physicians and psychiatrists for their psychological complaints (reluctance)
C) People with mental illnesses often believe they’re completely fine and don’t need to seek help
D) People from some culture-sharing groups are more likely than others to seek out physicians and psychiatrists for their psychological complaints (willingness)

A

B

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18
Q

True or False?

Culture seems to play an important role in shaping how we actually express psychological distress itself

A

True

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19
Q

True or False?
Determining whether one’s thoughts, moods, and behaviour are indicative of mental illness, and whether visiting a physician is the best solution to those ills, is very much associated with culture

A

True

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20
Q 
The field of transcultural psychiatry combines \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to examine how culture interacts with mental illness
A) anthropology, economics
B) economics, psychology 
C) anthropology, psychiatry 
D) economics, psychiatry
A

C

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21
Q 
East Asian individuals are more likely than North Americans to experience depression through \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) transcultural pressure
B) psychiatric pressure
C) anhedonia
D) somatization
A

D

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22
Q

Some argue that that experiencing depression __________ might actually be culturally specific to those of European ancestry
A) alone
B) psychologically
C) socially

A

B

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23
Q

True or False?

Culture does not play a significant role in shaping exactly how we experience distress

A

False (Culture plays a significant role in shaping exactly how we experience distress)

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24
Q

True or False?
On the whole, there has been a tendency within psychiatry and psychology to imagine that most conditions are universal, likely based on some underlying biological condition

A

True

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25
Q

Define ethnocentrism
A) The tendency to imagine one’s own culture as being “superior”
B) The tendency to imagine all cultures are “correct” in one way or another
C) The tendency to imagine one’s own culture as being “correct”
D) The tendency to imagine culture plays no part in shaping mental illness

A

C

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26
Q 
The issue of ethnocentrism has been a spectre haunting the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ for some time
A) psy-disciplines
B) psycho-disciplines
C) psychiatric disciplines 
D) psychiatric deficits
A

A

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27
Q 
Psychology and psychiatry have long assumed that concepts originally drawn from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ populations are universally applicable
A) Hispanic, Tibetan
B) Switzerland, Polish
C) Asian, North American
D) European, North American
A

D

28
Q

True or False?

There has been a tendency to instead see what is common in Western Europe and North America as universal truths

A

True

29
Q

Culture is frequently envisioned as something possessed by ________
A) Patients
B) Practitioners
C) Patients and practitioners

A

A

30
Q

True or False?
Psychiatry has tended to treat culture in terms of crudely defined ethnic groups (such as “Hispanics”), implying the homogeneity of these populations

A

True

31
Q

True or False?
Modern mental healthcare’s normative assumptions - about what counts as mental disorder and even the notion that medical treatment is the best response to distress - are themselves cultural beliefs

A

True

32
Q 
It has been suggested that rather than teaching healthcare workers a series of racial and ethnic stereotypes for use in clinical care, we could encourage a more nuanced approach to culture, such as that used by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A) professors 
B) anthropologists
C) psychologists 
D) nurse practitioners
A

B

33
Q 
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ exemplifies some of the complexity and the tensions present in the world of mental health today, challenging hegemonic conceptualizations of “mental illness” to broaden what is considered legitimate knowledge, behaviour, and experience.
A) decolonizing mental health movement
B) global health movement 
C) national mental health movement 
D) regional mental health movement
A

A

34
Q

True or False?

In previous editions of the DSM, culture’s role in mental illness was not acknowledged

A

False (In previous editions of the DSM, culture’s role in mental illness was also acknowledged, albeit in a more limited way)

35
Q

True or False?

Currently, the DSM’s crafters seem to acknowledge that mental illness itself is a culturally specific phenomenon

A

True

36
Q

The latest DSM has replaced “culture-bound syndromes” with 3 new concepts: _________, __________, _________.
A) “cultural syndromes,” “cultural idioms of distress,” and “cultural explanations or perceived causes.”
B) “culture-bound syndromes,” “cultural idioms of distress,” and “cultural explanations or perceived causes.”

A

A

37
Q

What does “culture-bound syndromes” describe?
A) normal patterns of behaviour that were recognized only within specific cultural contexts
B) normal patterns of behaviour that were recognized within broad cultural contexts
C) abnormal patterns of behaviour that were recognized only within specific cultural contexts
D) abnormal patterns of behaviour that were recognized within broad cultural contexts

A

C

38
Q

True or False?
Cultural syndromes are essentially the same as culture-bound syndromes in that they describe presentations of abnormal behaviour found only within particular culture-sharing groups

A

True

39
Q

What does the Japanese concept of taijin kyofusho refer to?
A) interpersonal fear disorder
B) ataque de nervios
C) intense emotional upset

A

A

40
Q

True or False?
“Ataque de nervios” is characterized as a syndrome involving “intense emotional upset” among individuals of Latino descent, who might also experience disassociation, fainting, and suicidality

A

True

41
Q

What do cultural idioms of distress describe?
A) describe interpersonal fear disorders
B) describe extreme cases of distress in individuals that may be associated with fainting and suicidality
C) describe intense emotional upsets
D) describe ways of talking about suffering within specific cultural groups that do not necessarily involve specific symptoms or syndromes

A

D

42
Q

True or False?

Cultural idioms of distress describe general patterns of discussing an individual’s personal or social problems

A

True

43
Q

What is kufungisisa?
A) Describes interpersonal fear disorders in relation to Japanese people
B) Describes intense emotional upsets in relation to individuals of Latino descent
C) Describes thinking too much in relation to the Shona people of Zimbabwe

A

C

44
Q

The key to understanding the notion of cultural idioms of distress is that they are _________ and might be applied in a host of different ways
A) specific
B) non-specific

A

B

45
Q

Which of the following is taijin kyufusho linked to?
A) Cultural syndromes
B) Cultural idioms of distress
C) Cultural explanations or perceived causes
D) Culture-related diagnostic issues

A

A

46
Q

Which of the following is kufungisisa linked to?
A) Cultural syndromes
B) Cultural idioms of distress
C) Cultural explanations or perceived causes
D) Culture-related diagnostic issues

A

B

47
Q

Which of the following is maladi moun linked to?
A) Cultural syndromes
B) Cultural idioms of distress
C) Cultural explanations or perceived causes
D) Culture-related diagnostic issues

A

C

48
Q

What does maladi moun posit?
A) Semen loss is responsible for mental distress
B) Mental disorders may be caused by “evil” people
C) Mental disorders may be caused by the good intentions of dead ancestors
D) Mental disorders may be caused by the bad intentions of other people
E) Mental illness may be caused by a frightening event that causes the soul to leave the body

A

D

49
Q

What does dhat (South Asian notion) posit?
A) Semen loss is responsible for mental distress
B) Mental disorders may be caused by “evil” people
C) Mental disorders may be caused by the good intentions of dead ancestors
D) Mental disorders may be caused by the bad intentions of other people
E) Mental illness may be caused by a frightening event that causes the soul to leave the body

A

A

50
Q

What does susto posit?
A) Semen loss is responsible for mental distress
B) Mental disorders may be caused by “evil” people
C) Mental disorders may be caused by the good intentions of dead ancestors
D) Mental disorders may be caused by the bad intentions of other people
E) Mental illness may be caused by a frightening event that causes the soul to leave the body

A

E

51
Q

Which of the following is taijin kyufusho linked to?
A) Social anxiety
B) OCD
C) Social anxiety and OCD

A

C

52
Q 
Clinical identification rates in the United States for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ populations tend to be lower than for Caucasian populations
A) African American, European 
B) African American, Latino
C) European, Latino
D) European, Hispanic
A

B

53
Q

True or False?
The DSM-5 now includes a “Cultural Formulation Interview” (CFI), which is designed to assist practitioners in working out how a person’s culture might impact their understanding and experience of their illness, and whether their culture might be significant in terms of accessing care or choosing treatment

A

True

54
Q 
The Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI) was designed explicitly to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ along the lines of culture, noting that “each individual’s cultural knowledge affects how he or she interprets illness experience and guides how he or she seeks help”
A) encourage communication
B) avoid communication
C) encourage stereotyping
D) avoid stereotyping
A

D

55
Q

The following are critiques of how the DSM-5 approaches the issue of culture, except:
A) the latest edition of the DSM, like earlier editions, continues to treat “disorder” and “culture” as if they are binary categories
B) it suggests that what is an expression of culture and what is an expression of disorder cannot overlap
C) there is an inconsistency in how the DSM defines culture and how it is actually used throughout the manual
D) much of the manual treats the DSM’s core disorders (derived largely from Euro-American research) on a case-by-case basis

A

D (Much of the manual still treats the DSM’s core disorders (derived largely from Euro-American research) as UNIVERSAL)

56
Q

The DSM is a product of the ___________.
A) World Health Organization (WHO)
B) American Psychiatric Association
C) American Psychology Association

A

B

57
Q

True or False?

The DSM remains essentially American at heart

A

True

58
Q

Which of the following is associated with the absolutist school?
A) It sees both the form and content of mental disorders as being globally shared phenomena
B) It sees mental illness as globally consistent, even if the content (of specific delusions, obsessions, or anxieties, for instance) is heavily shaped by culture
C) It sees that what is experienced as distress in any culture is unique, and that mental disorders cannot be universal since they inherently involve violations of that culture’s perceptions of normality and abnormality

A

A

59
Q

Which of the following is associated with the universalist school?
A) It sees both the form and content of mental disorders as being globally shared phenomena
B) It sees mental illness as globally consistent, even if the content (of specific delusions, obsessions, or anxieties, for instance) is heavily shaped by culture
C) It sees that what is experienced as distress in any culture is unique, and that mental disorders cannot be universal since they inherently involve violations of that culture’s perceptions of normality and abnormality

A

B

60
Q

Which of the following is associated with the relativist school?
A) It sees both the form and content of mental disorders as being globally shared phenomena
B) It sees mental illness as globally consistent, even if the content (of specific delusions, obsessions, or anxieties, for instance) is heavily shaped by culture
C) It sees that what is experienced as distress in any culture is unique, and that mental disorders cannot be universal since they inherently involve violations of that culture’s perceptions of normality and abnormality

A

C

61
Q

True or False?
From the absolutist perspective, psychotic phenomena - namely hallucinations and delusions - seem to be known by virtually all cultures across the world

A

True

62
Q

What is the global mental health movement?
A) a movement led by medical professionals, non-governmental agencies, and international bodies (such as the World Health Organization) to ensure equity in mental health treatment for people in one country at a time
B) a movement led by medical professionals, non-governmental agencies, and international bodies (such as the WHO) to ensure equity in mental health treatment for people across the world
C) a movement led only by psychiatrists to ensure equity in mental health treatment for people across the world
D) a movement led only by psychologists and social workers to ensure equity in mental health treatment for people in one country at a time

A

B

63
Q

True or False?
Global mental health, as an organizing principle, positions access to modern mental health treatment as a fundamental human right

A

True

64
Q

Relying on a growing body of ________, the global mental health movement has highlighted the substantial role of mental illnesses in contributing to the world’s global burden of disease and disability
A) transnational medical research
B) abstract medical research
C) transnational epidemiological research
D) transnational abstract research

A

C

65
Q 
The concept of the global mental health movement became popularized in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) early 19th century
B) late 19th century 
C) late 20th century 
D) early 21st century
A

D

66
Q

The following are critiques of the global mental health movement, except:
A) Overly neocolonial (“psychiatric imperialism”)
B) Tries to exert Western psychiatric norms on the rest of the world
C) Pushes out Western practitioners and Western ways of knowing for “gold standard” RCT
D) Individualizes and depoliticizes problems like war and poverty by reframing distress as a psychological issue rather than a logical response to suffering
E) May result in ignoring the actual issue

A

C (Pushes out non-Western practitioners and non-Western ways of knowing for “gold standard” RCT)

HSCI 214 Midterm (13 decks)

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