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Anatomy 112 > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

Micheal has been playing volleyball and has been diagnosed with a rotator cuff injury. Which muscles make up the rotator cuff? What specific movements might be affected if these muscles have an injury?

A 
S.I.T.S 
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus 
Teres Major 
Subscapularis
  • will affect abduction, medial rotation, and lateral rotation
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2
Q

What three muscles are involved in the flexion movement at the elbow joint.

A

Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, brachioradialis.

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3
Q

This is a small axial muscle that does the following actions: anteriorly and laterally flexes, adducts and internally rotates the humerus.

A

pectoralis major

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4
Q

The muscles of the forearm that cross the wrist and have tendons that are held in place by the flexor retinaculum. which muscle is not covered by this retinaculum and will stick up in the creases of the wrist when you touch your middle finger to your thumb and slightly flex your wrist?

A

Palmaris Longus

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5
Q

Which four muscles make up the quadriceps?

A

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis

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6
Q

Which 3 muscles make up the hamstring

A

biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

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7
Q

Which muscle of the quadriceps has the ability to produce flexion at the hip and extension of the knee?

A

Rectus Femoris

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8
Q

What is the common name for the region where we find the gastrocnemius muscle?

A

Calf

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9
Q

The deepest muscle of the group we commonly call the glutes?

A

gluteus minimus

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10
Q

A hockey player has just started skating after a long layoff, following a practice they find that they are having pain in the area we commonly call the groin. Which muscle is likely affected by this injury?

A

Gracillis

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11
Q

A runner is finding that they have pain on the anterior shin of the lower limb and they are having discomfort when they pull the foot up towards their head (dorsiflexion). Which muscle is likely affected?

A

tibialis anterior

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12
Q

List and describe the functions of blood?

A
  1. Transportation - carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and heat.
  2. regulation - helps maintain pH via buffers, body temperatures, via properties of water in plasma and water balance via osmotic pressure creates by plasma proteins
  3. protection - via clotting, antibodies, phagocytes, and complement
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13
Q

What is the normal pH range for blood?

A

7.35 - 7.45

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14
Q

Where is the site of blood cell formation?

A

Redbone marrow

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15
Q

When the blood is fully oxygenated it tends to have what colour?

A

Bright red

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16
Q

These blood cells are specialized for transport, contain hemoglobin, binds O2 and CO2?

A

erythrocytes

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17
Q

How much blood plasma is water (in most resting situations)?

A

91%

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18
Q

A condition where there are insufficient red blood cells, which will lead to a decrease in oxygen transport for energy production and this could lead to early fatigue?

A

Anemia

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19
Q

A laboratory assessment of hematocrit blood measures:

A

percentage of RBC’s packed in blood

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20
Q

What is the name for the mass of tissue from the sternum to the vertebral column between the lungs?

A

Mediastinum

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21
Q

To which side of the body is the apex of the heart pointed?

A

to the left

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22
Q

Which of the heart wall layers consists of cardiac muscle tissue?

A

Myocardium

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23
Q

This is an external feature on the heart that increases the capacity of the atria

A

Auricles

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24
Q

This is an external feature that marks the boundary between the right and left ventricles

A

anterior and posterior interventricular sulcus

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25
Q

through which structure does blood pass from the right atrium to the right ventricle

A

tricuspid valve

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26
Q

in a fetus, this is an opening that shunts blood from the right atria to the left atria

A

foramen ovale

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27
Q

Which of the below valves prevents blood from flowing back from the lungs to the heart?

A

pulmonary valve

28
Q

What vessel distributes oxygenated blood to the myocardium?

A

right and left coronary artery

29
Q

What is the difference between the structure of an artery and a vein

A
  • arteries have more smooth muscle and are rounder in shape. arteries have walls that will stretch and expand in response to the pressure when the heart contracts without tearing. Veins are partially collapsed, have less elastic fibres, the tunica externa is the thickest layer and veins have valves
30
Q

What is the blood vessel that conveys blood from the tissues back to the heart?

A

Veins

31
Q

Which artery wall is responsible for vasoconstriction?

A

Tunica Media

32
Q

Elastic Arteries functions as a:

A

pressure reservoir

33
Q

These vessels make up the largest blood reservoir

A

Veins and Venules

34
Q

Capillaries are also known as

A

exchange vessels

35
Q

The alternate route of blood flow to a body part through an anastomosis is called

A

collateral circulation

36
Q

name the vein of systemic circulation that drains the upper part of the body?

A

superior vena cava

37
Q

The pulmonary trunk divides into:

A

right and left pulmonary arteries

38
Q

In fetal circulation what is the opening between the right and left atria called

A

foramen ovale

39
Q

In which of the blood vessels do we find a pulse point at the anterior wrist

A

radial artery

40
Q

which of the vessels supplies blood to the intestines?

A

mesenteric artery

41
Q

which of the blood vessels supplies blood to the kidney?

A

renal artery

42
Q

which of the blood vessels drains blood from the lower leg?

A

tibial vein

43
Q

Which of the blood vessels drains blood from the head and neck?

A

Jugular Vein

44
Q

What do the following have in common: superficial temporal artery, brachial artery, and dorsal artery of the foot?

A

they are all pulse points

45
Q

An arterial trunk that has three branches that serves the liver, the spleen, and the stomach is…

A

celiac trunk

46
Q

What is the artery that splits to become the radial and ulnar artery?

A

Brachial

47
Q

A vein that is formed by the union of the external and internal iliac vein?

A

the common iliac

48
Q

What is the longest superficial vein of the body, found in the leg?

A

The great saphenous

49
Q

Inferior mesenteric, superior mesenteric and ___ are the three veins that form/empty into the hepatic portal vein

A

Gastric

50
Q

The paired internal carotid and the paired ____ arteries bring blood to the brain

A

vertebral

51
Q

Which of the following is not part of the upper respiratory system

A

Trachea

52
Q

The nose connects with the pharynx through the:

A

choanae

53
Q

This structure prevents food or water from entering the trachea

A

epiglottis

54
Q

this is located anterior to the esophagus and carries air to the bronchi

A

Trachea

55
Q

The point where the trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi is a ridge called

A

Carina

56
Q

Which of the three spinal meninges is the most superficial?

A

The dura mater

57
Q

What contains cerebrospinal fluid?

A

the subarachnoid space

58
Q

Which layer is found to surround the entire spinal nerve?

A

Epineurium

59
Q

Intercostal nerves

A

directly connect to the structure they supply

60
Q

A man presents with median nerve palsy in his left hand. What is the most likely site of his injury?

A

Brachial Plexus

61
Q

These white matter tracts of the spinal cord are used to carry ascending information to the central nervous system?

A

Sensory tracts

62
Q

The name of the nerve that innervates the adductor muscles of the thigh?

A

Obturator

63
Q

This nerve stimulates the posterior area of the arm and innervates the triceps, anconeus, and many of the extender muscles of the forearm

A

the radial nerve

64
Q

If someone has a cervical injury below this level of the spinal cord, they will be able to breathe.

A

C3 - C5

65
Q

Name and describe the locations of the four major plexuses of spinal nerves. Name a major nerve arising from each plexus

A
  1. Cervical - alongside C through C4; major nerve: Phrenic nerve
  2. Brachial - inferior and lateral to C4 through T1 and superior to the rib, posterior to the clavicle; major nerve: axillary, ulnar, radial, median.
  3. Lumbar: Lateral to L1 through L4 passing obliquely posterior to the psoas major and anterior to quadratus lumborum; major nerve: femoral
  4. Sacral - L4 - S3, anterior to sacrum. Major Nerve: Sciatic nerve

Anatomy 112 (16 decks)

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