Axial Skeleton

Question 1

Typical vertebra

Answer 1

Body - weight-bearing part of the vertebra, Vertebral Arch - extends posteriorly, surrounds the spinal cord. Pedicles - lateral walls of the arch. Laminae - posterior part of the arch. Vertebral foramen - the protective canal for the spinal cord. Transverse processes - boney lateral extension. Spinous process - posterior boney extension, slants inerrably, acts as a site for muscle attachment

Question 2

coccyx “tail bone”

Answer 2

4 coccygeal vertebrae fused into 1 or 2 bones (Co1 - C04)

Question 3

Sacrum

Answer 3

1 bone - fused sacral vertebrae (S1 - S5)

Question 4

lumbar region

Answer 4

5 vertebrae (L1-L5)

Question 5

Thoracic Region

Answer 5

12 vertebrae

Question 6

Cervical Region

Answer 6

7 vertebrae (C1-C7)

Question 7

Vertebral Column

Answer 7

consists of 26 bones. Supports the head, encloses & protects the spinal cord, serves as the site of attachment for ribs and muscles of the back

Question 8

Fontanels

Answer 8

“soft spots” dense fibrous connective tissue, allows slight compression and distortion during birth. Allows the cranium to grow as the brain grows.

Question 9

Squamous Sutures

Answer 9

Scale like joints joins parietal and temporal bones on each side of the skull

Question 10

Sutures

Answer 10

Immovable joints of the skull

Question 11

coronal suture

Answer 11

joins frontal and parietal bones

Question 12

sagittal suture

Answer 12

joins the two parietal bones

Question 13

lambdoid suture

Answer 13

joins the occipital and parietal bones (posterior)

Question 14

Sphenoid Bone

Answer 14

Irregular bone, has relatively flat areas, wing-like projections. Acts as a keystone.

Question 15

Ethmoid Bone

Answer 15

Irregular shaped, part of the anterior portion of the cranial floor.

Question 16

Temporal Bone

Answer 16

Forms inferior sides and part of the base of the cranium Paired and irregular

Question 17

Occipital Bone

Answer 17

back of the skull - forms the base of the cranium.

Question 18

parietal bone

Answer 18

2 bones (paired) forms the crown of the skull

Question 19

What structures make up the lower appendages?

Answer 19

Pelvic bone, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges

Question 20

What structures are part of the upper appendage

Answer 20

scapula, clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

Question 21

What structure does the appendicular skeleton support?

Answer 21

Support and attaches the appendages to the trunk

Question 22

What structures are supported by the axial skeleton?

Answer 22

Supports the head and trunk. This includes the skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, hyoid bones, and middle ear bones.

Question 23

How many bones are there in the axial skeleton?

Answer 23

80 bones