Articulations

Question 1

Articulation

Answer 1

a point of contact between 2 or more bones, bone & cartilage, or teeth & bone

Question 2

Arthrology

Answer 2

study of joints

Question 3

synarthroses

Answer 3

joints that are immovable

Question 4

Amphiarthroses

Answer 4

joints that are slightly moveable

Question 5

Diarthroses

Answer 5

joints that are freely moveable

Question 6

Fibrous Joints

Answer 6

no synovial cavity, bones joined by fibrous connective tissue. 3 types: suture, Syndesmosis, Gomphosis

Question 7

Cartilaginous Joints

Answer 7

no synovial cavity. 2 types: synchondrosis and symphysis

Question 8

Synovial Joint

Answer 8

Has a synovial cavity. Surrounding articular capsule, ligaments. 6 types

Question 9

Suture joint

Answer 9

a thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue. Immovable joint - synarthroses

Question 10

Syndesmosis

Answer 10

dense connective tissue like an interosseous membrane connects bone; slight movement - amphiarthroses

Question 11

Gomphosis

Answer 11

cone shaped peg fits into a socket (teeth) - immovable - synarthrosis

Question 12

Synchdonrosis

Answer 12

type of cartilaginous joint - joined by hyaline cartilage. eg. epiphyseal plates. immovable - synarthrotic

Question 13

symphysis

Answer 13

connecting material is a broad, flat disc of fibrocartilage. eg. intervertebral disc. slight movement -amphiarthrotic

Question 14

accessory ligaments

Answer 14

ligaments that hold the bones together: intracapsular = inside capsule, extra capsular = outside capsule

Question 15

articular discs

Answer 15

fibrocartilage pads between the bones (temporomandibular joint) or incomplete discs (menisci knee)

Question 16

Bursae

Answer 16

sac-like structure, similar to a joint capsule. It is located between bone and skin or between the tendon and bone. Contains fluid to reduce friction

Question 17

tendon sheaths

Answer 17

tube like structure, surround tendons, are connected to bone (rectinaculum - connective tissue). eg. tendons on posterior surface of hand or dorsal of foot.

Question 18

Gliding Joint (synovial joint)

Answer 18

articular surfaces slide over each other

Question 19

hinge joint (synovial joint)

Answer 19

movement in one plane (flexion/extension)

Question 20

pivot joint (synovial joint)

Answer 20

allows for rotation

Question 21

Ellipsoidal Joint (Condyloid) (synovial joint)

Answer 21

oval condyle fits into a depression

Question 22

Saddle Joint (synovial joint)

Answer 22

bone fits into a saddle shaped depression

Question 23

ball and socket joint (synovial joint)

Answer 23

most freely moveable joint

Question 24

Flexion

Answer 24

small angle (lateral flexion)

Question 25

Extension

Answer 25

larger angle (hyper extension - beyond 180 degrees)

Question 26

Abduction

Answer 26

away from the midline

Question 27

adduction

Answer 27

toward the midline

Question 28

rotation (Lt/Rt)

Answer 28

inward/medial; outward/lateral

Question 29

circumduction

Answer 29

combination of movements - cone shape

Question 30

Elevation

Answer 30

upward

Question 31

Depression

Answer 31

downward

Question 32

protraction

Answer 32

forward

Question 33

retraction

Answer 33

backward

Question 34

inversion

Answer 34

ankle. occurs when you twist your foot upward and ankle rolls inward

Question 35

Eversion

Answer 35

ankle. occurs when ankle rolls outward and tears the deltoid ligaments

Question 36

Dorsiflexion

Answer 36

is the backward bending of the ankle or hand. when you draw your tows towards your shins

Question 37

Plantar Flexion

Answer 37

When the top of your foot points away from your leg. eg. when you stand on your tippy toes

Question 38

Supination

Answer 38

rotating the forearm so the palm is up

Question 39

pronation

Answer 39

rotating the forearm so the palm is facing downward

Question 40

Articular Capsule

Answer 40

attaches to the rim of the glenoid fossa and anatomical neck of humerus

Question 41

glenoid labrum

Answer 41

fossa has a rim of fibrocartilage around it to help deepen the joint

Question 42

Corocohumeral ligament

Answer 42

coracoid process to greater tubercle, strengthens the upper part of the capsule.

Question 43

Glenohumeral ligaments

Answer 43

thickening of capsule, lesser tubercle and neck, add strength to the anterior part of the capsule

Question 44

Acromioclavicular Ligament

Answer 44

acromion to clavicle (affected in shoulder separations)

Question 45

coracoclavicular and coracoacromial

Answer 45

also secure the clavicle to the scapula

Question 46

Pubofemoral ligament

Answer 46

pubis to neck of femur. Prevents over abduction of hip

Question 47

isciofemoral ligament

Answer 47

ischium to the neck of femur. prevents abduction

Question 48

Tibial (medial) collateral ligament (MCL)

Answer 48

broad, flat ligament on medial aspect, acts to strengthen the medial surface.

Question 49

Fibular (lateral) collateral Ligament

Answer 49

strong, rounded ligament on lateral aspect of the knee, strengthens the lateral surface.

Question 50

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)

Answer 50

stabilizes the tibia from sliding forward

Question 51

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

Answer 51

stabilizes the tibia from sliding backward

Question 52

Talocural (ankle) joint

Answer 52

joint of the malleolus of the tibia (medial) and fibula (lateral) and the talus

Question 53

Anterior Talofibular Ligament

Answer 53

anterior and lateral - inversion ankle sprain - weak ligament

Question 54

posterior talofibular ligament

Answer 54

posterior and lateral

Question 55

calcaneofibular

Answer 55

lateral aspect of ankle