Bone Structure and Function

Question 1

Types of cartilage?

Answer 1

Hyaline Cartilage, Fibrocartilage, and elastic cartilage.

Question 2

The function of collagen?

Answer 2

tensile strength (25-30%)

Question 3

The function of mineral salts?

Answer 3

provides the hardness for the bone. Approx 50-55%

Question 4

What is the bone matrix made up of?

Answer 4

Water, collagen, and mineral salts

Question 5

A bone that has calcium removes is flexible or inflexible?

Answer 5

it is flexible

Question 6

A bone that has collagen removed is flexible or inflexible?

Answer 6

is is inflexible

Question 7

the flexibility and tensile strength of bone are due to?

Answer 7

collagen fibres

Question 8

the hardness of bones is due to?

Answer 8

the mineral salts

Question 9

the thin bony columns in spongy bones are called?

Answer 9

Trabeculae

Question 10

the membrane covering the surface of bone?

Answer 10

The periosteum

Question 11

The membrane lining the medullary cavity is

Answer 11

the endosteum

Question 12

The small canals connecting the lacunae are called?

Answer 12

The canaliculus

Question 13

Horizantal canal in an osteon are the?

Answer 13

The Trabeculae

Question 14

What are the spaces where the osteocytes are located?

Answer 14

Lacuna

Question 15

What is the name of the bone shaft?

Answer 15

diaphyses

Question 16

What is the name of the cavity that contains yellow marrow in adults?

Answer 16

medullary cavity

Question 17

What is the vertical canal in an osteon?

Answer 17

central canal

Question 18

bone cells found in the lacunae are?

Answer 18

osteocytes

Question 19

What area is made up of a thick layer of compact bone and a very thin layer of spongy bone?

Answer 19

The diaphyses

Question 20

What area is made up of a thin layer of compact bone a thick spongy bone?

Answer 20

the epiphyses

Question 21

What type of cartilage is articular cartilage?

Answer 21

Hyaline Cartilage

Question 22

What area of long bone is covered with cartilage?

Answer 22

The epiphysis

Question 23

Nutrient Foramen

Answer 23

is the foramen through which nutrient artery enters

Question 24

Nutrient Artery

Answer 24

is a large artery that enters compact bone near the middle of the diaphysis. It branches into proximal and distal portions

Question 25

Red Marrow

Answer 25

Found within the cavities of spongy bone and produces blood cells

Question 26

Yellow Marrow

Answer 26

is a fatty substance within the medullary cavity

Question 27

The functions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts within the periosteum and endosteum are?

Answer 27

Bone formation, bone tissue repair, and bone remodelling

Question 28

Both the periosteum and endosteum contain what type of cells?

Answer 28

osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Question 29

Endosteum

Answer 29

lines the medullary cavity, is a connective tissue membrane, also lines the cavities within the spongy bone of the epiphyses.

Question 30

Medullary Cavity

Answer 30

The hollow centre of the bone diaphyses

Question 31

Periosteum

Answer 31

The outer connective tissue membrane on the exterior of the bone

Question 32

articular cartilage

Answer 32

composed of hyaline cartilage, covers both epiphyses

Question 33

epiphyseal line

Answer 33

the epiphyseal plate becomes the epiphyseal line when bone growth stops and the cartilage becomes ossified

Question 34

Epiphyseal plate

Answer 34

this is hyaline cartilage that is present in a growing bone

Question 35

metaphyses

Answer 35

Areas in the adult bone where the epiphysis and diaphysis join

Question 36

diaphysis

Answer 36

the middle shaft of the bone

Question 37

Epiphysis

Answer 37

the enlarged proximal and distal ends of long bones