Final Push! Flashcards
myxomatous changes is found in which layer of large arteries?
Media; cystic medial degeneration. ~w/ Marfan Syndrome; aortic aneurysms and dissections.
upper lung involvement and cavitary lesion = ??
secondary/reactivation
leukocytoclastic angiitis with IgA and C3 deposition = ?
HSP
What two vessels runs together along the posterior aspect of the humerus?
Deep brachial (profunda brachii) and Radial n.
Endoneural inflammatory infiltration?
Guillain-Barre syndrome; Campy infection
What is the mc underlying cause of developing infective endocarditis?
Mitral Valve Prolapse
intracellular gram-positive bacilli, diary products, in immuno-comp pt.?
Listeria
What drugs decrease insulin resistance by binding to Peroxisome proliterator-activated-receptor-gamma?
Thizolidinediones
Ondansetron MOA?
inhibits serotonin (5-HT3) Tx. n/v
confusion, agitation, tremor, tachycardia, hypertension, hyperreflexia, hyperthemia, diaphoresis = ?
Serotonin Syndrome (not not have Sx of Muscle rigidity
On Gross: soft, poorly defined areas of necrosis and hemorrhage, commonly in cerebral hemispheres = ?
glioblastoma; can cross the corpus collosum
fibrous dysplasia (multiple osteolytic lesions and hip & pelvic)
cafe-au-lait spots
Endocrine abnormalities
McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS)
activating mutation in G-protein/CAMP/AC signalling pathway.
What does carntitine deficiency causes what?
Carntitine def. impairs fatty acid tansport from the cytoplasm into mitochrondia, prevents beta-oxidation of FAs into acetyl-CoA –> cardiac and skeletal myocyte injury (lack of ATP from TCA cycle)
What part of the spine is affected in Pt. with RA?
Cervical spine; subluxation, cord compression
What does the AI immune response target in MS?
Oligodendrocytes
In HIV, the polyprotein product of the env gene is glycosylated to become what?
env ==> gp160 == cleeaved ==> gp120 and gp41 envelop glycoproteins that works in virion attachment to target cells.
Large, unilateral adnexal mass that secretes estrogen that causes endometrial hyperplasia?
Granulosa cells tumors ~ post-menopausal women ~ increase [inhibin] ~ Call-Exnar bodies ~ yellow on gross d/t lipid content of Theca cells.
Call-Exnar bodies = ?
cells arranged in a microfollicular or rosette pattern ~ Granulosa Cell Tumors
Tx of Delirium?
Hadol; NOT benzo, benzos can worsen confusional states in the eldery!
What is the main psychological effects of sublingual nitroglycerin!?
Venodilation with a decrease in LVEDV (preload) and decrease wall stress ==> decrease myocardial O2 demand and relief in Stable Angina
What is the major ProgX factor of bladder cancers?
Transitional cells cancers, painless, gross hematuria; tumor penetration of bladder wall is major ProgX factor
obliterative intimal thickening, tubular atrophy, intersitital fibrosis = ?
chronic renal allograft rejection; worsening HTN, and progressive rise in serum creatinine.
Hemosiderin-laden macrophages in pulm alveoli =
chronic elevation of Pulm.Capillary hydrostatic pressure; d/t to Left-Sided HF.
Iron shows up on Prussian-Blue stain
Triad of: neurological abnormalities, hypoxemia, patechial rash in a pt. with long bone/pelvic fractures = ?
fat embolism syndrome; leads to fat microglobules in pulmonary arterioles.
what type of anemia does hemolysis often present with?
normochromic, normocytic anemia
aspirin alone does not work to prevent DVT/PE in high risk pt. what should you give them?
Low-dose heperin
what will you see in benign and malignant lymphadenopathy?
Benign: LN enlargement d/t to POLYCLONCAL proliferation of lymphocytes.
Malignant: MONOCLONAL Proliferation of Lymphocytes
what type of genome is infectious when purified and extracted?
(+)ssRNA; already in the form needed for host ribosomes to make shit
increase cells, increases basophils and eosinophils = ?
CML. t(9;22) translocation
what is the initial lesion of atherosclerosis?
intimal fatty streak
What is a form of arteriosclerosis characterized by calcific deposits in the medial layer of muscular arteries?
Monckeberg Sclerosis
Aortitis with medial inflammation can be causes by what?
AI conditions like Takayasu and Giant cell arthritis
Tear in the aortic intima = ?
aortic dissection
erythematous papules with overlaying whitish scales, rouch, sandpaper-like texture = ?
Actinic keratosis
non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis is the deposition of sterile platelet thrombi on cardiac valves; what is is commonly ~w/?
Advance malignancy
Fluconazole, cimetidine, and omeprazole do what to CYP450?
Inhibits
What does carbon tetrachloride cause?
Free radical injury
What is the DOC to Tx gonorrhea?
Dual Tx with ceftriaxone and azithromycin
during wound healing, excessive matrix metalloproteinase activity and myofibroblast accumulation leads to what?
contracture
Excessive collagenous scar tissue deposited by fibroblast permanently extending beyond the margins of the original wound = ?
Keloids
anal fissures are longitudinal tears in the mucosa. Where do they commonly occur?
posterior midline distal to the dentate line. (b/c of less blood flow)
What is the underlying biochem issue in megaloblastic anemia?
defect in DNA synthesis, fucked purine/pyrimidine formation.
Tabes dorsalis and Argyll Robertson pupil are manifestations of what?
Tertiary neurosyphills
What can hydrocephalus-ex-vacuo be ~w/?
Neurodegenerative disease (AIDS, dementia like Alzheimer)
What does warfarin inhibits that leads to skin necrosis?
Protein C and S. Normally C and S are anti-coag
