Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BT_Step1_NTK > Final Push! > Flashcards

Final Push! Flashcards

1
Q

myxomatous changes is found in which layer of large arteries?

A

Media; cystic medial degeneration. ~w/ Marfan Syndrome; aortic aneurysms and dissections.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

upper lung involvement and cavitary lesion = ??

A

secondary/reactivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

leukocytoclastic angiitis with IgA and C3 deposition = ?

A

HSP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What two vessels runs together along the posterior aspect of the humerus?

A

Deep brachial (profunda brachii) and Radial n.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Endoneural inflammatory infiltration?

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome; Campy infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the mc underlying cause of developing infective endocarditis?

A

Mitral Valve Prolapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

intracellular gram-positive bacilli, diary products, in immuno-comp pt.?

A

Listeria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What drugs decrease insulin resistance by binding to Peroxisome proliterator-activated-receptor-gamma?

A

Thizolidinediones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ondansetron MOA?

A

inhibits serotonin (5-HT3) Tx. n/v

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

confusion, agitation, tremor, tachycardia, hypertension, hyperreflexia, hyperthemia, diaphoresis = ?

A

Serotonin Syndrome (not not have Sx of Muscle rigidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

On Gross: soft, poorly defined areas of necrosis and hemorrhage, commonly in cerebral hemispheres = ?

A

glioblastoma; can cross the corpus collosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

fibrous dysplasia (multiple osteolytic lesions and hip & pelvic)

cafe-au-lait spots

Endocrine abnormalities

A

McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS)

activating mutation in G-protein/CAMP/AC signalling pathway.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does carntitine deficiency causes what?

A

Carntitine def. impairs fatty acid tansport from the cytoplasm into mitochrondia, prevents beta-oxidation of FAs into acetyl-CoA –> cardiac and skeletal myocyte injury (lack of ATP from TCA cycle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What part of the spine is affected in Pt. with RA?

A

Cervical spine; subluxation, cord compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the AI immune response target in MS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In HIV, the polyprotein product of the env gene is glycosylated to become what?

A

env ==> gp160 == cleeaved ==> gp120 and gp41 envelop glycoproteins that works in virion attachment to target cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Large, unilateral adnexal mass that secretes estrogen that causes endometrial hyperplasia?

A

Granulosa cells tumors ~ post-menopausal women ~ increase [inhibin] ~ Call-Exnar bodies ~ yellow on gross d/t lipid content of Theca cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Call-Exnar bodies = ?

A

cells arranged in a microfollicular or rosette pattern ~ Granulosa Cell Tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Tx of Delirium?

A

Hadol; NOT benzo, benzos can worsen confusional states in the eldery!

20
Q

What is the main psychological effects of sublingual nitroglycerin!?

A

Venodilation with a decrease in LVEDV (preload) and decrease wall stress ==> decrease myocardial O2 demand and relief in Stable Angina

21
Q

What is the major ProgX factor of bladder cancers?

A

Transitional cells cancers, painless, gross hematuria; tumor penetration of bladder wall is major ProgX factor

22
Q

obliterative intimal thickening, tubular atrophy, intersitital fibrosis = ?

A

chronic renal allograft rejection; worsening HTN, and progressive rise in serum creatinine.

23
Q

Hemosiderin-laden macrophages in pulm alveoli =

A

chronic elevation of Pulm.Capillary hydrostatic pressure; d/t to Left-Sided HF.

Iron shows up on Prussian-Blue stain

24
Q

Triad of: neurological abnormalities, hypoxemia, patechial rash in a pt. with long bone/pelvic fractures = ?

A

fat embolism syndrome; leads to fat microglobules in pulmonary arterioles.

25
Q

what type of anemia does hemolysis often present with?

A

normochromic, normocytic anemia

26
Q

aspirin alone does not work to prevent DVT/PE in high risk pt. what should you give them?

A

Low-dose heperin

27
Q

what will you see in benign and malignant lymphadenopathy?

A

Benign: LN enlargement d/t to POLYCLONCAL proliferation of lymphocytes.

Malignant: MONOCLONAL Proliferation of Lymphocytes

28
Q

what type of genome is infectious when purified and extracted?

A

(+)ssRNA; already in the form needed for host ribosomes to make shit

29
Q

increase cells, increases basophils and eosinophils = ?

A

CML. t(9;22) translocation

30
Q

what is the initial lesion of atherosclerosis?

A

intimal fatty streak

31
Q

What is a form of arteriosclerosis characterized by calcific deposits in the medial layer of muscular arteries?

A

Monckeberg Sclerosis

32
Q

Aortitis with medial inflammation can be causes by what?

A

AI conditions like Takayasu and Giant cell arthritis

33
Q

Tear in the aortic intima = ?

A

aortic dissection

34
Q

erythematous papules with overlaying whitish scales, rouch, sandpaper-like texture = ?

A

Actinic keratosis

35
Q

non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis is the deposition of sterile platelet thrombi on cardiac valves; what is is commonly ~w/?

A

Advance malignancy

36
Q

Fluconazole, cimetidine, and omeprazole do what to CYP450?

A

Inhibits

37
Q

What does carbon tetrachloride cause?

A

Free radical injury

38
Q

What is the DOC to Tx gonorrhea?

A

Dual Tx with ceftriaxone and azithromycin

39
Q

during wound healing, excessive matrix metalloproteinase activity and myofibroblast accumulation leads to what?

A

contracture

40
Q

Excessive collagenous scar tissue deposited by fibroblast permanently extending beyond the margins of the original wound = ?

A

Keloids

41
Q

anal fissures are longitudinal tears in the mucosa. Where do they commonly occur?

A

posterior midline distal to the dentate line. (b/c of less blood flow)

42
Q

What is the underlying biochem issue in megaloblastic anemia?

A

defect in DNA synthesis, fucked purine/pyrimidine formation.

43
Q

Tabes dorsalis and Argyll Robertson pupil are manifestations of what?

A

Tertiary neurosyphills

44
Q

What can hydrocephalus-ex-vacuo be ~w/?

A

Neurodegenerative disease (AIDS, dementia like Alzheimer)

45
Q

What does warfarin inhibits that leads to skin necrosis?

A

Protein C and S. Normally C and S are anti-coag

BT_Step1_NTK (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions