Final Part 2

Question 1

What goes in and what comes out of Glycolysis?

Answer 1

Goes in: 
1 Glucose
2 ATP
2 NAD+
4 ADP

Comes out:
2 Pyruvic acids
4 ATP (net gain of 2)
2 NADH

Question 2

What goes in and what comes out of Pyruvate Oxidation?

Answer 2

Goes in:
2 Pyruvic acids
2 NAD+
2 Coenzyme A (CoA)

Comes out:
2 Acetyl CoA
2 NADH
2 CO2 (waste)

Question 3

What goes in and what comes out of the Krebs Cycle?

Answer 3

Goes in:
2 Acetyl CoA
2 Oxalclaic acids
6 NAD+
2 FAD
2 ADP

Comes out:
2 Oxalclaic 
6 NADH
2 FADH2
2 ATP
4 CO2 (waste)

Question 4

What goes in and what comes out of the ETC?

Answer 4

Goes in: 
NADH
FADH2
ADP
O2

Comes out:
NAD+
FAD
ATP
H2O (waste product)

Question 5

What goes in and what comes out of the light reactions phase of photosynthesis?

Answer 5

Goes in:
Energy from sunlight
NADP+

Comes out:
Primary electron acceptor
NADPH

Question 6

What goes in and what comes out of the Calvin cycle?

Answer 6

Goes in:
3 RUBP
3 CO2
6 NADPH
6 ATP

Comes out:
3 RUBP
6 ADP
6 NADP+
1 G3P

Question 7

What goes on in interphase of mitosis?

Answer 7

G1- Cell does its own thing
S- Replicates DNA, chromosomes duplicate
G2- Grows a little more and prepares for mitosis

Question 8

What is the only difference between animal and plant cell mitosis?

Answer 8

Instead of cytokinesis in animal cells, plant cells= cell plate formation. Vescicles form and fuse together to grow a cell wall

Question 9

Bacteria does:

Answer 9

Binary fission

Question 10

When does crossing over occur in Meiosis?

Answer 10

Prophase I

Question 11

Chromosomes 1-22 are:

Answer 11

Autosomes

Question 12

Chromosome 23 are referred to as your:

Answer 12

Sex chromosomes

NOT homologous

Question 13

Chromosomes always come in homologous pairs, one set inherited from their mother, one set from their father

Answer 13

Diploid 2n

Question 14

Only one set of chromosomes inherited from the parent

Answer 14

Haploid N

Question 15

What is crossing over?

Answer 15

Switching genetic material with homologous chromosome

Question 16

What is independent assortment? When does it happen?

Answer 16

Picking a random side

Metaphase I

Question 17

Gametic cells are:

Answer 17

Egg and sperm

Haploid: one set of chromosomes

Question 18

Somatic cells are:

Answer 18

Diploid

Question 19

What is Mendel’s law of segregation?

Answer 19

Two copies of a gene segregate such that each gamete receives only 1 copy of the gene

Question 20

How does Mendel’s law of segregation not make sense with aneuploidy?

Answer 20

Aneuploidy refers to a gamete receiving more than one copy of a gene. This can happen when something goes wrong in Anaphase I or II

Question 21

What is Mendel’s law of independent assortment?

Answer 21

Copies of different genes assort independently of one another

Question 22

How does Mendel’s law of independent assortment not make sense with genetic linkage (crossing over)?

Answer 22

Copies of different genes don’t ALWAYS assort independently of one another because of the gene exchange that can happen during crossing over in prophase I

Question 23

What kinds of mutations are there?

Answer 23

Point mutation: change in sequence without change in length
Insertion
Deletion
Duplication
Inversion
Translocation

Question 24

What carries out the unwinding of DNA and synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer 24

RNA polymerase

Question 25

Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA is known as a:

Answer 25

Codon

Question 26

What are the stop codons:

Answer 26

UAG, UGA, UAA

Question 27

The information encoded in mRNA is used to synthesize proteins

Answer 27

Translation