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RUSVM Microanatomy I > Final Exam - Urinary System > Flashcards

Final Exam - Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the tissue.

A

kidney

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2
Q

The functional unit of the kidney is the __________

A

nephron

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3
Q

The __________ includes the glomerulus and all tubule segments through the connecting segment

A

nephron

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4
Q

Identify the structures labeled ‘G’ in this H&E section of the renal cortex

A

glomeruli

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5
Q

Identify the structrures indicated by the arrows in this section of the kidney

A

renal corpuscles

**These are a distinctive feature of kidney cortex

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6
Q

_____________: network of capillaries that perform the first step in filtering blood

A

glomerulus

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7
Q

_____________: functional unit of the kidney; site of osmoregulation via filtration of small molecules from blood plasma to form a filtrate and selective reabsorption of most of the water and other molecules from the filtrate; = glomerulus + all tubule segments

A

nephron

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8
Q

_____________: end of the glomerular capsule where the afferent arteriole enters and the efferent arteriole exits

A

vascular pole

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9
Q

_____________: end of the glomerular capsule opposite the vascular pole where the proximal convoluted tubule begins

A

urinary pole

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10
Q

_____________: specialized cells of the distal convoluted tubule adjacent to specialized smooth muscle cells (juxtaglomerular cells) of the afferent and efferent arterioles

A

macula densa

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11
Q

_____________: specialized smooth muscle cells of mainly afferent and to a lesser degree efferent arteriole; detect variations in blood pressure (baroreceptors) and secrete renin into vessel lumen

A

juxtaglomerular cells

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12
Q

__________: aa. and vv. within the kidneys

A

arcuate vessels

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13
Q

__________: arteriole bringing blood to glomerulus

A

afferent arteriole

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14
Q

__________: arteriole draining blood from glomerulus

A

efferent arteriole

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15
Q

__________: phagocytic, contractile cells that have receptors for angiotensin II and ANP and provide some structural support to capillaries

A

mesangial cells

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16
Q

_________: first portion of proximal tubule; numerous twists and turns in cortical area; high level of microvilli on epithelium

A

proximal convoluted tubule

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17
Q

_________: ducts into which collecting tubules drain; lumen contains urine of varying concentration; terminal portions are papillary ducts which empty at area cribosa of the renal crest of papilla

A

collecting ducts

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18
Q

Describe the effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on collecting ducts

A

ADH stimulates aquaporins in the ducts to allow reabsorpbtion of water and other molecules

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19
Q

Explain the action of renin/angiotensin following substantial hemorrhage

A

activated in response to a substantial drop in blood pressure in an effort to restore normal blood pressure

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20
Q

What are the 2 components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

macula densa and juxtaglomerular cells

macula densa cells are chemoreceptors that sense Na+ concentration in the filtrate

juxtaglomerular cells are baroreceptors that secrete renin into the lumen of the afferent (and somewhat into the lumen of the efferent) arteriole

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21
Q

List the principal cells associated with the renin-angiotensin cascade.

A

kidney – secretes renin; inc. Na+ reabsorption in response to aldosterone

liver – stores angiotensinogen

lungs – site of action of angiotensin I and conversion to angiotensin II

bloodstream – circulates and transports angiotensin II to adrenal glands

adrenal cortex – secrete aldosterone

Kids Like Leron Breathe Air

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22
Q

What are the two main regions of the kidney?

A

cortex & medulla

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23
Q

Identify the structures indicated by the arrows in this cross-section of the kidney.

A

Renal Corpuscles

Renal corpuscles are a distinctive feature of kidney cortex.

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24
Q

Identify ‘A’ in this section of the kidney

A

Podocyte cell body & nucleus

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25
Identify 'B' in this section of the kidney
pedicels
26
Identify 'C' in this section of the kidney
foot processes
27
Filtrate enters the tubular system via the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
urinary pole
28
Primary/glomerular filtrate is produced by ultrafiltration of blood in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
renal corpuscle
29
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: Numerous pores – fenestrations enable the passage of all the non-cellular elements of blood.
Endothelium of glomerular capillary
30
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: Fused basal laminae of capillaries and podocytes serve as a glomerular ultrafilter. Albumin (m. w. 68,000) & larger molecules are retained; all smaller molecules cross freely through this filter.
Glomerular basement membrane GBM
31
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ with their inter-digitating trabeculae and pedicles form slit pores between processes; form visceral part of Bowman's capsule
Podocytes
32
Identify 'A'
pedicel
33
Identify 'B'
capillary
34
Identify 'C'
Bowman's space
35
Identify 'D'
filtration slit
36
Mesangial cells have receptors for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Angiotensin II; ANP
37
Tubules in the first portion of the proximal tubules are named \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ due to numerous twists and turns in cortical area.
proximal convoluted tubules
38
Proximal tubules are lined by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
a single layer of cuboidal tubular epithelial cells with apical microvilli or ‘brush border”
39
Proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) are present ONLY in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
cortex
40
Identify the structure labeled 'A'
distal convoluted tubule
41
Identify the structure labeled 'B'
proximal convoluted tubule
42
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: folds of plasma membrane with ATP driven Na + pump both in PCT and in DCT
Basal striations
43
True or False: Microvilli are present in both **proximal convoluted tubules** and **distal convoluted tubules**
**False. **Microvilli are present in *Proximal Convoluted Tubules *only.
44
Nephron loops parallel the course of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, facilitating ion and water exchange
vasa recta
45
nephron loop is also known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Henle's loop
46
Distal convoluted tubules begin at \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
vascular pole of renal corpuscles
47
True or false: Distal convoluted tubules contain a brush border.
NOOOOO. False.
48
Cells of the distal convoluted tubules are the main target cells of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
aldosterone
49
Identify 'A'
distal convoluted tubule
50
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: specialized cells of the distal convoluted tubule adjacent to specialized smooth muscle cells (juxtaglomerular cells) of the afferent and efferent arterioles.
Macula densa
51
Identify the cell indicated by the arrow.
Macula densa
52
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cells are chemoreceptors that sense Na+ concentrations in filtrate.
Macula densa
53
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ detect variations in blood pressure (baroreceptors) and secrete renin into vessel lumen.
Juxtaglomerular cells
54
Juxtaglomerular cells detect variations in blood pressure (baroreceptors) and secrete __________ into vessel lumen.
renin
55
Identify the structures labeled 'A'
**collecting ducts** Collecting ducts are lined by simple low columnar to cuboidal epithelium composed of principal and intercalated cells.
56
Identify the structure indicated by the arrows.
**papillary ducts,** which empty at the area cribrosa (AC) of the renal crest or papilla (species specific).
57
Identify the structures indicated by the arrows in this section of the renal papilla
**Vasa recta** take away water passing through collecting and papillary ducts.
58
Name the layer of the ureter labeled 'A'
mucosa
59
Name the layer of the ureter labeled 'B'
muscularis
60
Name the layer of the ureter labeled 'C'
adventitia
61
_Tunica serosa_ in the **urinary bladder** is lined by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
mesothelium
62
Identify 'A' in this H&E section of the bladder.
lamina propria mucosa
63
Identify 'B' in this H&E section of the bladder.
epithelium mucosae
64
Identify 'C' in this H&E section of the bladder.
bulging cells of transitional epithelium
65
All renal developmental stages rely on similar tissue interactions between the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
**epithelium** and **mesenchyme**.
66
Name the 3 stages of mammalian renal development.
pronephros, mesonephros, & metanephros
67
pronephric duct elongates caudally and the adjacent intermediate mesoderm transforms into epithelial tubules called
**mesonephric tubules** Each **mesonephric ****tubule** receives a blood supply from a branch of the aorta, ending in a capillary tuft.
68
In mammals the mesonephric duct (or Wolffian duct) develops an outpouching called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
**ureteric bud/ metanephric duct.**
69
The elongated stalk of the ureteric bud/metanephric duct, later forms the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
ureter
70
As the cranial end of the ureteric bud extends into the intermediate mesoderm, it branches to form the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
* collecting duct system of the kidney * major and minor calyces * renal pelvis.
71
Identify 'A' in this H&E section of a kidney.
renal pelvis
72
Identify 'B' in this H&E section of a kidney.
renal artery
73
Identify 'C' in this H&E section of a kidney.
Renal vein
74
Identify 'D' in this H&E section of a kidney.
renal crest
75
Identify 'A' in this H&E section of a kidney
renal pelvis
76
Identify 'B' in this H&E section of a kidney
renal crest & papillary ducts

RUSVM Microanatomy I (18 decks)

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