Final Exam - Digestive System (Part III) Flashcards
Salivary glands empty their secretions into the ____________.
Buccal cavity
What are the major salivary glands?
parotid, sublingual and submandibular
Describe the general structure of the major salivary glands.
lobules containing secretory units, supportive connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves and excretory ducts
Identify this tissue:
salivary gland
Identify the structure indicated by arrow ‘A’ in this H&E section of the salivary gland.
serous demilunes
Identify the structure indicated by arrow ‘B’ in this H&E section of the salivary gland.
mucous acini
In salivary glands, ____________ cells surround the secretory units and contract to expel saliva
In salivary glands, myoepithelial cells surround the secretory units and contract to expel saliva
Identify the cells indicated by arrow ‘A’ in these sections of the salivary gland (These cells are also indicated by the brown staining in the bottom picture)
What is their function?
Myoepithelial cells surround the secretory units and contract to expel saliva
In the salivary gland, terminal secretory units merge to form small ____________ lined by secretory cells
In the salivary gland, terminal secretory units merge to form small intercalated ducts lined by secretory cells
In the salivary gland, intercalated ducts drain into larger ducts called ____________ lined by tall columnar cells
In the salivary gland, intercalated ducts drain into larger ducts called striated ducts lined by tall columnar cells
Identify ‘A’ in this H&E section of the salivary gland, lined by tall columnar cells
striated ducts
What are we looking at here?
submandibular gland
The ________ is the largest visceral organ.
The liver is the largest visceral organ.
The liver makes up about ___% of body weight in carnivores.
The liver makes up about 3-4% of body weight in carnivores.
The liver makes up about ___% of body weight in herbivores
The liver makes up about 1% of body weight in herbivores
The liver makes up about ___% of body weight in omnivores.
The liver makes up about 2% of body weight in omnivores.
Which type of cell is most prominent in the liver?
hepatocytes
____________ are responsible for immune and regenerative response in the liver
Kupffer cells
**Kupffer cells probably will not be seen under H&E
____________ produce and maintain the extracellular matrix and store vitamin A
Hepatic stellate cells
What is the most prominent cell type in this H&E section of the liver?
hepatocytes
Identify the lightly colored spaces indicated by the white arrow in this H&E section of the liver.
sinusoids
Identify ‘A’ in this H&E section of the liver.
blood vessel
Identify ‘B’ in this H&E section of the liver.
bile duct
Identify ‘C’ in this H&E section of the liver.
hepatocyte
Identify ‘D’ in this H&E section of the liver.
oval cells
Oval cells are multipotent stem cells capable of differentiating into hepatocytes or bile duct epithelium. They are oriented adjacent/within portal triads and hepatic plates
____________ are considered “stem cells of the liver”
oval cells
What are the structures of the portal tract of the liver?
Bile duct, branches of the portal vein, hepatic artery, nerves & lymphatics
Identify ‘A’ in this H&E section of a pig liver.
Portal triad
Identify ‘B’ in this H&E section of a pig liver.
Central vein
A _______________ is a six-sided anatomic arrangement of hepatocytes centered on the central vein
The classical hepatic lobule is a six-sided anatomic arrangement of hepatocytes centered on the central vein
What are we looking at in this H&E section of the liver?
classical hepatic lobule
a six-sided anatomic arrangement of hepatocytes centered on the central vein
In the hepatic acinus, ____________ are exposed to the blood with the highest concentration of O2, and are the principal site of gluconeogenesis, protein synthesis, aerobic metabolism, urea cycle, lipid and cholesterol metabolism
In the hepatic acinus, Zone I Hepatocytes are exposed to the blood with the highest concentration of O2, and are the principal site of gluconeogenesis, protein synthesis, aerobic metabolism, urea cycle, lipid and cholesterol metabolism
In the hepatic acinus, ____________ are more susceptible to hypoxic injury as well as injury by toxic substances that are metabolically activated by cytochromes P450
In the hepatic acinus, Zone 3 Hepatocytes are more susceptible to hypoxic injury as well as injury by toxic substances that are metabolically activated by cytochromes P450
Identify the structure labeled ‘A’ in this H&E section of a hepatic lobule.
central vein
Identify the structure labeled ‘B’ in this H&E section of a hepatic lobule.
hepatocytes
Identify the structure labeled ‘C’ in this H&E section of a hepatic lobule.
sinusoid
Identify ‘A’ in this H&E section of the hepatic lobule.
branch of hepatic artery
Identify ‘B’ in this H&E section of the hepatic lobule.
branch of portal vein
Identify ‘C’ in this H&E section of the hepatic lobule.
bilary duct
What is indicated by the arrow in this section of the hepatic lobule?
reticular fibers
Identify ‘A’ in this H&E section of the portal area of the liver.
branch of portal vein
Identify ‘B’ in this H&E section of the portal area of the liver.
branch of hepatic artery
Identify ‘C’ in this H&E section of the portal area of the liver.
bile duct
Identify ‘D’ in this H&E section of the portal area of the liver.
lymphatic duct
Identify the dense irregular connective tissue indicated by the black arrow in this H&E
Glisson’s capsule (or hepatic capsule)
Composed primarily of Type I Collagen
Identify the tissue.
gallbladder
Identify the tissue.
pancreas
Identify ‘A’ in this section of the pancreas.
Serous acinus (exocrine)
Identify ‘B’ in this section of the pancreas.
Islet of Langerhans (endocrine)
Identify ‘C’ in this section of the pancreas.
capillary
Paired ____________ are located lateral and below the anus in carnivores (between the inner smooth muscle of the internal anal sphincter and the outer skeletal muscle of the external anal sphincter)
Paired anal sacs are located lateral and below the anus in carnivores (between the inner smooth muscle of the internal anal sphincter and the outer skeletal muscle of the external anal sphincter)
Anal sacs are lined by ________________ epithelium
Anal sacs are lined by keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium
What are we looking at here?
Hepatoid gland adenoma
