final exam: psychedelics Flashcards
Mind - Expanding is the term that describes this class of drug
Psychedelics
What are the three main categories of Psychedelics?
- Mixed Stimulant psychedelics
- Dissociative Anesthetics
- Hallucinogens
What is a drug that is an example of a hallucinogen?
LSD
What is a drug that is an example of a mixed stimulant?
MDMA (ecstasy)
PCP and Ketamine are all examples of what category of psychedelic
Dissociative Ansethetics
Explain Primary Endpoint associated with Hallucinogens:
Primary endpoint is what most people would think about when hearing hallucinogens. It is accompanied by visual hallucinations and out-of-body experiences called sensory distortions
Explain Secondary Endpoint associated with Hallucinogens:
This endpoint is associated with negative symptoms including Disturbances in someone’s mood, physiology, and cognition
What is Lysergic Acid Diethylamide?
Short for LSD it is a synthetic hallucinogen. It is the most potent and notorious of the class of hallucinogens. Very small doses can cause serious changes
What is Shrooms?
A hallucinogen that originates from a hallucinogenic mushroom
What are 3 other options of Hallucinogens
DMT and NBOMes
Mescaline
In what other ways can people benefit from DMT?
It can be brewed to make a tea that has ayahuasca in it which is a plant based psychedelic
Explain the history of Hallucinogens: Include where they come from and how they were used
Hallucinogens originally come from plants. Before the 60’s they were primarily used and restricted to religious ceremonies in an effort to communicate with the gods
Why is LSD considered the most potent hallucinogen?
The typical dose is 100 micrograms
Jake took LSD about 30 to 40 minutes ago, what effects is he most likely having?
He will most likely be experiencing alterations in his mood and perception
Jake is now in the 1 hour mark of his LSD journey, what is he most likely experiencing?
Full blown distortion
How long is LDS and its metabolites present in the body
73 hours
When a person takes LSD, what physiological effects will you most likely see
LSD is a sympathomimetic so it mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system. A person will have a slight increase in their heart rate, blood pressure, and dilated pupils.
They will also experience dizziness or stomach aches with muscle twitching or numbness
LSD will have Subjective Effects, meaning effects people can tell you what they are feeling. What are they?
pseudo-hallucinations meaning there is an altered perception of things that are already there. Synesthesia is when a person will experience sensory information in an incorrect sensory modality (seeing music, tasting a color). and Lastly, Hypersuggestibility where someone is easily influenced
Can Jake develop a tolerance or dependence for LSD
There is very little dependence a person can have with LSD but tolerance can develop. Tolerance is considered fast and robust that may lead to the tolerance of other hallucinogens
Jake is having some adverse reactions to taking LSD, what 4 things could he be experiencing?
- A bad trip
- A panic reaction causing him to have a pounding heart and shallow breathing
- A flashback to a previous trip
- An HPPD, Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder, where he is persistently experiencing visual hallucinations or perceptual distortions
What is one way Jake can be medically treated for an adverse reaction to LSD
Jake can be injected with a serotonin antagonist or an injection of chlorpromazine
A mixed Stimulant-Psychedelic produces both ______
both a psychostimulant and a hallucinogenic effect
Where are you most likely to find mixed stimulant-psychedelics being used?
At raves, which give it the name Rave drugs
Macy decided she wanted to try MDMA, what are some positive aspects she many be experiencing?
- Entactogen - a sense of warmth/wellbeing
- Empathogen - Enhanced empathy
She may want to socialize more and have a rapid heartrate
She may also have mild sensory distortions
Mary is experiencing an adverse effect of MDMA, what is it called?
Neurotoxicity because MDMA is a potent serotonergic neurotoxin
In humans neurotoxicity of MDMA ca cause what?
- a reduction in 5-HIAA levels which is the main metabolite for serotonin
- Decreased Serotonin transporter numbers
- Decreased binding at serotonin reuptake sites
Besides Neurotoxicity with MDMA, what other adverse symptoms may Mary be experiencing?
Multiple organ failure and MDMA rebound which can include depression and lethargy while waiting for replenishment of Dopamine and serotonin
Mary decided she wanted to use MDMA chronically, what are some things she may be experiencing?
A sleep disorder
depression
anxiety
impulsiveness and memory impairment
What drug within dissociative anesthetic is a good pain reliever or muscle relaxant that did not produce sleep
PCP (angel dust)
Page has been using PCP, what are some of the effects she may be experiencing?
Amnesia
Analgesia - Pain relief
Numbness
Perceptual Disturbances and Hallucinations
Paranoia and Aggressive behavior
