Exam Three: Psychostimulants Flashcards
What are some common psychostimulants?
Cocaine
Methamphetamine
Adderall
Nicotine
Caffeine
What does it mean for a drug to be sympathomimetic?
The drug will mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system.
How are psychostimulants generally used?
Used therapeutically and also used as a stimulant
What is Cocaine?
It is an active ingredient from the leaves of the E.coca plant
What is the active metabolite of Methamphetamine?
Amphetamine
What is the active metabolite for Cocaine?
Ben-zoylec-gonine
What is the metabolite for Cocaine and Alcohol?
Cocaethylene
How are psychostimulants primarily eliminated?
Primarily through the urine
What are the half-lives of:
Amphetamine
Methamphetamine
Cocaine
Cathinone
Methylphenidate
10 hours
11 hours
1 hour
1.5 hour
2 hours
What are some physiological effects of psychostimulants
Sympathomimetic so it will increase heart rate, relax airways, dilate pupils, constricts blood vessels
Hypothermia
Appetite suppressant
What are some behavioral effects of psychostimulants in low doses? High Doses?
Low Doses - lead to goal-directed behavior
High doses - increased of non-goal-directed and purposeful behaviors; May lead to Punding
What is Punding?
Repetitive and non-goal0-oriented activity or repetitive pointless motor behaviors
At low doses, what are the subjective effects of psychostimulants?
Increased energy, alertness, well being, and enthusiasm
At high doses and through a rapid absorption route, what are the subjective effects of psychostimulants?
A Rush/high and euphoria
List some of the adverse effects of a person using psychostimulants?
Tooth Decay
Infection
Seizures
Cardiovascular and pulmonary dysfunction
Agitation, Paranoia, suspiciousness, and hallucinations describe what type of adverse effects when using psychostimulants?
Psychostimulant-induced psychosis
What is Formication?
Tactile Hallucination
What does withdraws look like for psychostimulants?
Hunger, Fatigue, Depression
What types of tolerance will you be able to see in psychostimulants?
Cross, Acute, and PD
What is acute tolerance explaining?
The second dose someone takes will not cause a large of an effect as their first dose did
An altered sensitivity of the dopamine D2 receptor explains what type of tolerance? When will you usually see this tyoe of tolerance?
PD
Typically after continuous dosing
Sensitization will happen after _____
intermittent dosing
Euphoria is related to ______ as a seizure is related to ______
Tolerance
Sensitization
If a psychostimulant is used therapeutically , what may it be used to treat ?
ADHD, Obesity, and narcolepsy
