Exam 2: Pharmacodynamics Flashcards
Can you explain Behavioral Tolerance?
” Certain muscles movements will become easier and better when under the effects of the drug” ; there is a decrease in behavioral response
The increase in dosage to achieve a desire effect outline what?
The rightward shift associated with tolerance
What is the question that may be answer in relation to pharmacodynamics?
How does the drug cause biological changes?
What are the 5 types of tolerance?
Pharmacokinetic Tolerance
Pharmacodynamic tolerance
Behavioral tolerance
Conditioned tolerance
Cross tolerance
Allosteric Modulator:
The binding at the site of a receptor will cause configurational changes in the protein
What is Cross tolerance?
Exposure to one drug will = the tolerance of other drugs that work by the same mechanism
An increase in responsiveness to the dose that will give the desired effects outlines:
Sensitization
The maximum effect produced by a given drug describes?
Efficacy
Pharmacodynamics aims to explain the…
Mechanism of action of a drug
The reduction in the reactivity of the sites of action (Receptors are changing and down regulating)
Pharmacodynamics
What does tolerance describe?
A decrease in responsiveness to the dose that will give the desired effects
Describe the 3 actions that can happen at a Metabotropic Receptor:
You can either have Agonism, antagonism, or partial agonism.
In agonism there will be an activation at the NT receptor unlike the antagonism which will fail to activate the receptor.
On the other hand you’ll have partial where a drug will have a weaker efficacy for activating the receptor than a NT
The minimum dose that is effective describes?
Potency
A Negative modulator will?
Block or get in the way of binding
The dosage require to produce a desire effect decreases describes:
The leftward shift in relation to sensitization
The reduction in the amount of drug getting to the site of action describes what type of tolerance?
Pharmacokinetics
At a Ionotropic Receptor there are 3 actions that can happen, what are they?
You can have a Agonism, Antagonism, or a Partial Agonism
In the agonism, the drug molecule will open the channel
In antagonism, the drug molecule will fail to open the channel
In partial agonism, the drug occupies the receptor but doesn’t fully activate it
Phardynamisc explains mechanism of action, can you give at least three examples?
- L-DOPA –> increases the production of dopamine in neurons
- Tetrodotoxin –> block sodium channels to prevent action potentials
- Cocaine –> Block dopamine re-uptake transporter (DAT)
What is Conditioned Tolerance?
There is a physiological response to stimuli associated with substance use that will counter act the drug effects
environmental cues will signal the body to down regulate itself because it knows that it’s about to be stimulated.
A Positive modulator will?
Clear the way for binding thus increasing the ability for a NT to bind
What are two important drug characteristics?
Potency and Efficacy
The relationship between does and magnitude of response is labeled as
The Dose Effect Curve
Will ther be activation in relation to Allosteric Modulators?
There will be neither activation or prevention of deactivation
Tolerance and Sensitization are both result that can happen due to?
Long term and frequent exposure to a drug or drugs