Exam 3:Nicotine Flashcards
Where does nicotine originate?
From tobacco leaves
In what ways can nicotine be Absorbed?
A in ADME
Absorbed through inhalation, transdermal, and oral administration
How much nicotine is contained in a cigarette?
About 1 to 2 mg of nicotine is in every cigarette
Outline the absorption of nicotine for the 3 different types of administration methods
Through inhalation, about 90% of the nicotine is absorbed.
Through Oral, there is a very limited amount absorbed
Through transdermal there is about 70% absobed
Why does nicotine have such good absorption?
Nicotine is highly lipid soluble meaning that it readily passes through all membranes and it crosses the blood-brain barrier easily
Outline the distribution of nicotine:
It takes about 7 seconds for nicotine to reach the brain and it will reach peak absorption in about 7 minutes
How is Nicotine Metabolized? What is the metabolite of nicotine?
Nicotine is metabolized in the liver and its metabolite is Cotinine
What is the half-life of nicotine? The half-life of cotinine?
2 hours for nicotine and 17 hours for cotinine
What are the behavioral effects of nicotine?
Inhibition of hunger and shortness of breath
What are some physiological effects of Nicotine?
Nicotine is a stimulant and a sympathomimetic
so it would increase activity, alertness, and memory
It would also increase Heart Rate and Blood Pressure
It would cause an increase in metabolism
What is a sympathomimetic?
A drug that mimics the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
What are some of the withdrawal symptoms someone will experience?
Irritability, craving, restlessness, increase appetite, anxiety, ill concentration
There are two pharmacotherapies for Nicotine: Bupropion and Varenicline, Outline how they work
Bupropion was originally and anti depressant, but it is a weak Dopamine inhibitor and NE reuptake inhibitor
Varenicline is a nicotinic receptor partial agonist that will stimulate receptors more weakly than nicotine
