Exam 3: Opioids Flashcards
Explain the process by which Opium is obtained:
- The petals will fall off of the opium poppy
- An incision is made into the seedpods
- A white substance seeps through and oxidizes to a red-brown and becomes gummy
The juice/sap from the poppy describes?
Opium
An Opioid is ____
Any drug that binds to an opiate receptor and produces agonist effects
A term for drugs that are extracted from the sap?
Opiate
Narcotics refers to drugs that have what quality? How does it differ from the legal definition?
Sleep inducing properties
The legal definition is using Narcotics to describe any drug that is prohibited
Generic term for an analgesic:
Painkiller
What is the difference between opiates and opioids?
An opiate is extracted from the sap. They will include things like morphine and codeine. An opioid is any drug that will bind to an opiate receptor and produce agonist effects
Percocet and Vicodin are examples of ____
Painkillers
What is an NSAID
It is a non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug
What is the most common route of administration for the recreational use of opioids? The second most common?
through an IV and the second will be inhalation
What is skin popping? Who is most likely to engage in this?
First time users are more likely to engage in skin pooping, which is an injection right under the skin and not really in a vein.
Explain the distribution of Opioids through the body:
Between different opioids they will all have different lipid solubility. Some will be more soluble than others which increases their absorption leading to a faster action. however, they all will cross the blood-brain barrier.
Where does metabolism occur for opioids
The Liver
Explain the metabolism of Morphine in the body:
Including steps and specific byproducts
Heroin –> 6-monoacetyl-morphine –> Morphine –> Morphine-6-diglucuronide
For most opioids, what is the typical elimination rate?
Typically 4 - 6 Hours
What are some special exceptions to the 4 to 6 hour elimination rate of opioids?
Methadone and Buprenorphine
Methadone is about 12 to 24 hours while Buprenorphine is more than 24 hours
What is the elimination rate for
Morphine and Fentanyl
Morphine is 2+ hours while fent is less than an hour
Are there any beneficial uses of Opioids?
- Can be a pain relief
- An anti-diarrheal
- A Cough suppressant (anti-tussive)
Treating opioid dependence
List some of the acute effects of Opioid Use:
Constipation, PINPOINT PUPILS, Euphoria, decrease in sex drive, and an analgesia
What symptoms make up the Opioid Triad?
- Shallow Breathing
- Coma
- Pinpoint Pupils
What are two Opiod antagonist that can be use to treat an Opioid overdose?
Narcan (Naloxone)
Trexan (Naltrexon)
Wide Pupils, Depression, Anxiety, Yawning & Panting, and Diarrhea all describe symptoms of
Acute Withdrawal from opioids