Exam 3: Opioids

Question 1

Explain the process by which Opium is obtained:

Answer 1

1. The petals will fall off of the opium poppy
2. An incision is made into the seedpods
3. A white substance seeps through and oxidizes to a red-brown and becomes gummy

Question 2

The juice/sap from the poppy describes?

Answer 2

Opium

Question 3

An Opioid is ____

Answer 3

Any drug that binds to an opiate receptor and produces agonist effects

Question 4

A term for drugs that are extracted from the sap?

Answer 4

Opiate

Question 5

Narcotics refers to drugs that have what quality? How does it differ from the legal definition?

Answer 5

Sleep inducing properties

The legal definition is using Narcotics to describe any drug that is prohibited

Question 6

Generic term for an analgesic:

Answer 6

Painkiller

Question 7

What is the difference between opiates and opioids?

Answer 7

An opiate is extracted from the sap. They will include things like morphine and codeine. An opioid is any drug that will bind to an opiate receptor and produce agonist effects

Question 8

Percocet and Vicodin are examples of ____

Answer 8

Painkillers

Question 9

What is an NSAID

Answer 9

It is a non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug

Question 10

What is the most common route of administration for the recreational use of opioids? The second most common?

Answer 10

through an IV and the second will be inhalation

Question 11

What is skin popping? Who is most likely to engage in this?

Answer 11

First time users are more likely to engage in skin pooping, which is an injection right under the skin and not really in a vein.

Question 12

Explain the distribution of Opioids through the body:

Answer 12

Between different opioids they will all have different lipid solubility. Some will be more soluble than others which increases their absorption leading to a faster action. however, they all will cross the blood-brain barrier.

Question 13

Where does metabolism occur for opioids

Answer 13

The Liver

Question 14

Explain the metabolism of Morphine in the body:
Including steps and specific byproducts

Answer 14

Heroin –> 6-monoacetyl-morphine –> Morphine –> Morphine-6-diglucuronide

Question 15

For most opioids, what is the typical elimination rate?

Answer 15

Typically 4 - 6 Hours

Question 16

What are some special exceptions to the 4 to 6 hour elimination rate of opioids?

Answer 16

Methadone and Buprenorphine

Methadone is about 12 to 24 hours while Buprenorphine is more than 24 hours

Question 17

What is the elimination rate for
Morphine and Fentanyl

Answer 17

Morphine is 2+ hours while fent is less than an hour

Question 18

Are there any beneficial uses of Opioids?

Answer 18

1. Can be a pain relief
2. An anti-diarrheal
3. A Cough suppressant (anti-tussive)
   Treating opioid dependence

Question 19

List some of the acute effects of Opioid Use:

Answer 19

Constipation, PINPOINT PUPILS, Euphoria, decrease in sex drive, and an analgesia

Question 20

What symptoms make up the Opioid Triad?

Answer 20

1. Shallow Breathing
2. Coma
3. Pinpoint Pupils

Question 21

What are two Opiod antagonist that can be use to treat an Opioid overdose?

Answer 21

Narcan (Naloxone)
Trexan (Naltrexon)

Question 22

Wide Pupils, Depression, Anxiety, Yawning & Panting, and Diarrhea all describe symptoms of

Answer 22

Acute Withdrawal from opioids