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Genetics > Final Exam Microbiology > Flashcards

Final Exam Microbiology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Bacteria, Archaea, eukarya

A

Domain

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2
Q

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.

A

Classification system

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3
Q

One, the microorganism must be found in all diseased organisms, not in healthy organisms two, the microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture three, the cultured microorganism should cause the disease when introduced into healthy organism four, the microorganism must be reisolated from the diseased, inoculated host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent

A

Koch’s postulates

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4
Q

Exact composition is not known

A

Complex media

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5
Q

Protein channel that contains the enzyme Blank. When protons flow through, energy is released and used by this enzyme to synthesize ATP from ADP

A

ATP synthase

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6
Q

NAD+ +2 electrons + 1 proton yields NADH

A

Two electrons, one proton

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7
Q

FAD +2 protons +2 electrons yields FADH2

A

Two protons and two electrons

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8
Q

Protons moving across a cytoplasmic membrane/concentration gradient. Used to make ATP

A

Chemiosmosis

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9
Q

Prevents cross-linking of peptidoglycan in gram-positive bacteria. Affects cell wall synthesis.

A

Penicillin

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10
Q

Require oxygen to grow

A

Obligate aerobes

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11
Q

Killed by O2

A

Obligate anaerobes

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12
Q

Makes ATP with O2 present but is capable of fermentation or anaerobic respiration

A

Facultative anaerobes

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13
Q

The removal of all microorganisms and endospores

A

Sterilization

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14
Q

The removal of microbes from eating utensils and food preparation

A

sanitization

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15
Q

When a person is exposed to a microorganism or foreign substance and the immune system responds (vaccine)

A

Adaptive immunity, active

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16
Q

When antibodies are transferred from one person to another, only last a few weeks, placenta and milk

A

Adaptive immunity, passive

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17
Q

Antigen enter and induce antibodies or mothers antibodies to fetus or infant

A

Naturally acquired, adaptive immunity

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18
Q

Vaccines, or preformed antibodies are injected passively

A

Artificially acquired, adaptive immunity

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19
Q

An arthropod that carries a disease causing organisms from one host to another host

A

Vector

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20
Q

Phagocytosis

A

White blood cells, neutrophils

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21
Q

Create histamine

A

White blood cells, basophils

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22
Q

Create toxic proteins against parasites

A

White blood cells, eSinophils

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23
Q

Mature into macrophages, phagocytosis

A

White blood cells, monocytes

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24
Q

Initiation of immune response, phagocytosis.

A

White blood cells, dendritic cells

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25
Q

Destroy target cells by cytolysis and apoptosis

A

White blood cells, lymphocyte

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26
Q

Cell mediated immunity

A

White blood cells, T cells

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27
Q

Produce anti-bodies

A

White blood cells, the B cells

28
Q

Amino acid substitution

A

Missense

29
Q

One base pair substitution

A

Point mutation

30
Q

Shift in translational reading frame

A

Frameshift mutation

31
Q

Dormant structure that exists through adverse conditions in the environment

A

Endospores

32
Q

Continuous with nuclear membrane, ribosomes for protein synthesis

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

33
Q

Synthesis of lipids including cholesterol and phospholipids which are used in the production of new cell membrane synthesis of steroid hormones

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

34
Q

Modifying sorting and packaging the proteins for secretion involved in the transport of lipids around the cell, creates lysosomes, made up of cisternae

A

Golgi apparatus

35
Q

Modify proteins

A

Transfer vesicles

36
Q

For exocytosis, storage

A

SecreTor vesicles

37
Q

Digestive enzymes

A

Lysosomes

38
Q

Storage

A

Vacuoles

39
Q

Cisternae, matrix, inner membranes, cellular respiration/ATP production

A

Mitochondria

40
Q

Enzymes, toxins, H202 catalase

A

Peroxisomes

41
Q

Obligate intracellular parasite

A

Virus

42
Q

Part of the outer portion of the cell wall (lipid a) of most Graham negative bacteria. Released upon distruction of the cell.

A

endotoxin

43
Q

Tocsin released from a living (mostly Graham positive) bacteria cell

A

Exotoxins

44
Q

Having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts

A

Amphipathic

45
Q

Disease causing organisms

A

Pathogen

46
Q

The net movement of molecules or ions from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration

A

diffusion

47
Q

The net movement of solvent molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration

A

Osmosis

48
Q

Net movement of a substance across a membrane against a concentration gradient. Requires the cell to expend energy

A

Active transport

49
Q

Borrelia Burgdorferi, spirochetes, arthropod Victor, tick, larva after small mammal blood meal

A

Lime disease

50
Q

Trepanema pallium, spirochetes, lipoproteins cause inflammation

A

Syphilis

51
Q

Fertility factor

A

F plus plasmid

52
Q

Mesophile, psychrophile, thermophile.

A

Medium cold heat

53
Q

Effective chemotherapeutic agent around antibiotic disc, The larger the zone the more effective the antibiotic or sensitive. intermediate and resistant. diffusion method Kirby Bauer

A

Zone of inhibition

54
Q

Change in body function felt by patient

A

Symptom

55
Q

Change due to disease that can be measured or observed

A

Sign

56
Q

Flulike, infections, karposi’s sarcoma, pneumonia

A

HIV symptom

57
Q

CD4 plus T cells decline. Drop to 200 cells per microliter

A

HIV sign

58
Q

Sore, rash, damage

A

Syphilis symptom

59
Q

Antibodies or germs to syphilis

A

Syphilis sign

60
Q

Bull’s-eye rash, fatigue, flu like symptoms

A

Symptoms of Lyme disease

61
Q

Antibodies on Western blot or Eliza, cerebrospinal fluid test

A

Signs of Lyme disease

62
Q

Ulcers and scabs

A

Herpes symptoms

63
Q

Culture and PCR to herpes antibodies

A

Herpes sign

64
Q

Bacteria archea, eukarya

A

Domains

65
Q

Donna Karan’s PC of genus species

A

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

66
Q

Vasodilation, phagocytotic migration, tissue repair

A

Steps in inflammatory response

Genetics (14 decks)

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