Final Exam Microbiology Flashcards
Bacteria, Archaea, eukarya
Domain
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.
Classification system
One, the microorganism must be found in all diseased organisms, not in healthy organisms two, the microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture three, the cultured microorganism should cause the disease when introduced into healthy organism four, the microorganism must be reisolated from the diseased, inoculated host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent
Koch’s postulates
Exact composition is not known
Complex media
Protein channel that contains the enzyme Blank. When protons flow through, energy is released and used by this enzyme to synthesize ATP from ADP
ATP synthase
NAD+ +2 electrons + 1 proton yields NADH
Two electrons, one proton
FAD +2 protons +2 electrons yields FADH2
Two protons and two electrons
Protons moving across a cytoplasmic membrane/concentration gradient. Used to make ATP
Chemiosmosis
Prevents cross-linking of peptidoglycan in gram-positive bacteria. Affects cell wall synthesis.
Penicillin
Require oxygen to grow
Obligate aerobes
Killed by O2
Obligate anaerobes
Makes ATP with O2 present but is capable of fermentation or anaerobic respiration
Facultative anaerobes
The removal of all microorganisms and endospores
Sterilization
The removal of microbes from eating utensils and food preparation
sanitization
When a person is exposed to a microorganism or foreign substance and the immune system responds (vaccine)
Adaptive immunity, active
When antibodies are transferred from one person to another, only last a few weeks, placenta and milk
Adaptive immunity, passive
Antigen enter and induce antibodies or mothers antibodies to fetus or infant
Naturally acquired, adaptive immunity
Vaccines, or preformed antibodies are injected passively
Artificially acquired, adaptive immunity
An arthropod that carries a disease causing organisms from one host to another host
Vector
Phagocytosis
White blood cells, neutrophils
Create histamine
White blood cells, basophils
Create toxic proteins against parasites
White blood cells, eSinophils
Mature into macrophages, phagocytosis
White blood cells, monocytes
Initiation of immune response, phagocytosis.
White blood cells, dendritic cells
Destroy target cells by cytolysis and apoptosis
White blood cells, lymphocyte
Cell mediated immunity
White blood cells, T cells
Produce anti-bodies
White blood cells, the B cells
Amino acid substitution
Missense
One base pair substitution
Point mutation
Shift in translational reading frame
Frameshift mutation
Dormant structure that exists through adverse conditions in the environment
Endospores
Continuous with nuclear membrane, ribosomes for protein synthesis
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Synthesis of lipids including cholesterol and phospholipids which are used in the production of new cell membrane synthesis of steroid hormones
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Modifying sorting and packaging the proteins for secretion involved in the transport of lipids around the cell, creates lysosomes, made up of cisternae
Golgi apparatus
Modify proteins
Transfer vesicles
For exocytosis, storage
SecreTor vesicles
Digestive enzymes
Lysosomes
Storage
Vacuoles
Cisternae, matrix, inner membranes, cellular respiration/ATP production
Mitochondria
Enzymes, toxins, H202 catalase
Peroxisomes
Obligate intracellular parasite
Virus
Part of the outer portion of the cell wall (lipid a) of most Graham negative bacteria. Released upon distruction of the cell.
endotoxin
Tocsin released from a living (mostly Graham positive) bacteria cell
Exotoxins
Having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts
Amphipathic
Disease causing organisms
Pathogen
The net movement of molecules or ions from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration
diffusion
The net movement of solvent molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration
Osmosis
Net movement of a substance across a membrane against a concentration gradient. Requires the cell to expend energy
Active transport
Borrelia Burgdorferi, spirochetes, arthropod Victor, tick, larva after small mammal blood meal
Lime disease
Trepanema pallium, spirochetes, lipoproteins cause inflammation
Syphilis
Fertility factor
F plus plasmid
Mesophile, psychrophile, thermophile.
Medium cold heat
Effective chemotherapeutic agent around antibiotic disc, The larger the zone the more effective the antibiotic or sensitive. intermediate and resistant. diffusion method Kirby Bauer
Zone of inhibition
Change in body function felt by patient
Symptom
Change due to disease that can be measured or observed
Sign
Flulike, infections, karposi’s sarcoma, pneumonia
HIV symptom
CD4 plus T cells decline. Drop to 200 cells per microliter
HIV sign
Sore, rash, damage
Syphilis symptom
Antibodies or germs to syphilis
Syphilis sign
Bull’s-eye rash, fatigue, flu like symptoms
Symptoms of Lyme disease
Antibodies on Western blot or Eliza, cerebrospinal fluid test
Signs of Lyme disease
Ulcers and scabs
Herpes symptoms
Culture and PCR to herpes antibodies
Herpes sign
Bacteria archea, eukarya
Domains
Donna Karan’s PC of genus species
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
Vasodilation, phagocytotic migration, tissue repair
Steps in inflammatory response
