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Genetics > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The nuclei of a normal human cells carry ________ pairs of chromosomes for a total of _______.

A

23, 46

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2
Q

The kind of nuclear division that results in 2 daughter cells containing the same # of chromosomes as the original parent.

A

Mitosis

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3
Q

The kind of nuclear division that generates sperm or egg cells containing 1/2 the # of chromosomes found in other cells within the same organism.

A

Meiosis

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4
Q

Gametes and other cells that carry only a single set of chromosomes are called ______.

A

Haploid

n

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5
Q

Zygotes and other cells that carry two matching sets of chromosomes. Maternal and paternal copies.

A

Diploid

2n

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6
Q

Individual chromosomes have duplicated. Each chromosome consisting of 2 identical halves at metaphase. Exact duplicates.

A

Sister Chromatids

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7
Q

Can be metacentric or acrocentric.

A

Centromere

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8
Q

Chromosomes that match in size, shape, and Banding pattern. They contain the same genes, though some genes may contain different alleles.

A

Homologous chromosomes or homologs

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9
Q

Chromosomes are carriers of genes

A

Chromosomal theory of inheritance

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10
Q

Chromosomes which carry completely different sets of genetic information

A

Nonhomologous chromosomes

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11
Q

In diploid organisms one ________ of a ______ is of maternal origin and the other paternal.

A

Homolog, pair

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12
Q

Klienfelter syndrome is when a male is _______.

A

XXY

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13
Q

Turner syndrome is when a female is ____.

A

XO

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14
Q

SRY

A

Sex determining region of Y, 110 protein coding genes.

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15
Q

The existence of XX males and XY females depending on where the part of SRY is attached (to X or Y).

A

Sex reversal

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16
Q

Gender giving rise to two different types of gametes, two different sex chromosomes

A

Heterogametic sex

17
Q

One or 2 dark areas of chromatin that play a key role in the manufacture of ribosomes

A

Nucleoli

18
Q

Repeating pattern of cell growth (interphase, (when chromosomes have been duplicated)) followed by division (mitosis). (Letters)

A

Cell cycle, G2, M, G1, S

19
Q

Interphase, gap before duplication, cell cycle

A

G1

20
Q

Interphase, DNA synthesis and chromosomal duplication, cell cycle

A

S

21
Q

Interphase, gap before mitosis, cell cycle

A

G2

22
Q

Chromosomal duplication in the cell cycle

A

M phase, mitosis and cytokinesis

23
Q

Exit for the cell cycle

A

G0

24
Q

Microtubules radiating out into the cytoplasm from a single organizing center

A

Centerosome

25
Q

Small darkly staining bodies, core of each centrosome

A

Centrioles

26
Q

Mitosis: Chromosomes condense and become viable, centrosomes move apart toward opposite poles and generate new microtubules, nucleoli begin to disappear (vocabulary: centromere, sister chromatids)

A

Prophase

27
Q

Mitosis: Nuclear envelope breaks down, microtubules from the centrosomes invade the nucleus, sister chromatids attach to the microtubules from opposite centrosomes (vocabulary: astral microtubules, kinetichore, kinetichore microtubules, polar microtubules)

A

Prometaphase

28
Q

Mitosis: Chromosomes align on the metaphase plate with sister chromatids facing opposite poles.

A

Metaphase

29
Q

Mitosis: Centromeres (holding sister chromatids together) sever, the now separated sister chromatids move to opposite poles

A

Anaphase

30
Q

Mitosis: Nuclear membranes and nucleoli re-form, spindle fibers disappear, former chromatids now function as independent chromosomes, uncoil and become a tangle of chromatin.

A

Telophase

31
Q

Mitosis: The cytoplasm divides (contractile ring) splitting the elongated parent cell into to daughter cells with IDENTICAL nuclei

A

Cytokinesis

32
Q

A structure in the centromere region of each chromatid specialized for conveyance

A

Kinetichore

33
Q

Microtubules originating from the centrosomes

A

Mitosis spindle

34
Q

Kinetichore, polar, astral

A

Different microtubules

35
Q

Pinches the cell into two approximately equal halves

A

Contractile ring

36
Q

Cell plate is a membrane enclosed disk in _______ mitosis.

A

Plant

37
Q

An animal cell with 1 or more nuclei

A

Syncytial

38
Q

Moments when a cell evaluates the results of previous steps allowing the sequential coordination of cell-cycle events

A

Checkpoints

39
Q

Specialized haploid cells (eggs and sperm or pollen) that carry genes between generations

A

Gametes

Genetics (14 decks)

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