FINAL EXAM: Chapter Definitions

Question 1

define special educaiton

Answer 1

you know this definition …

Question 2

define cultural capital

Answer 2

• bordieu’s concept of collective dispositions, likes, dislikes, and typical recreational pursuits of the privileged classes in a given society
  
  • ex: going golfing, reading the news paper
• these activities are transmitted from one generation to the next through family socialization in the middle to upper class milieu
• children from these families have higher cultural capital and have an advantage in the educational process
  
  • their worldview is taken for granted and is an expected form of knowledge

Question 3

define civil citizenship

Answer 3

an individuals basic human rights.

• right to legal contract
• right to freedom of speech
• ect.

Question 4

define fundamental cause theory

Answer 4

an ongoing association exists b.w socio-economic status and health status (SES) because SES embodies an array of resources, such as…

• money
• knowledge
• power
• prestige …

that protect health no matter what mechanisms are relevant at any given time

those from low SES communities lack resources to protect and improve their health status

Question 5

socially altruistic behaviour including that which results in the inclusion of other children or that involves listening to and showing concern, compassion, or comfort to classmates

Answer 5

Pro-social behavoir

Question 6

Is the growth in the educaitonal sector in response to the firtility rate following the 2nd world war

Answer 6

Baby boom expansion

Question 7

Define occupational segregation

Answer 7

• division of labor force where men and women perform diff tasks
• men and women sorted into occupations that are separate and distinct from eachother (ex: construction, nursing)
• also affects the occupational latters (i.e. women teach elementary, men teach highschool)
• also operate around ethical and racial lines -> occupational advantage for dominant social group

Question 8

define differential exposure hypothesis

Answer 8

argument that women experience more morbidity because they are exposed to more chronic daily stressors in their lives

Question 9

define medicalization

Answer 9

a natural biological event or progression as a form of illness requiring medical intervention and treatment

ex: menopause being treated with hormone replacement therapy

Question 10

what is silencing?

Answer 10

• students remaining silent
• not participating in response to classroom experience that is exclusionary

Question 11

define educational investment

Answer 11

the monetary and occupational labor-market rewards that groups can expect AS A RESULT of their level of educational attainment, their field of study, and their demographic profile

Question 12

define psychosocial risk factors

Answer 12

• system* of exposures, resources, and situatinoal variables believed to have an impact on health
• > they include mastery or sense of control
• > self esteeme
• > availablity of social support
• > negative life events
• > and daily exposure to stress

Question 13

is the educaitona practice of grouping and teaching children according to different levels of ability either informally or formally

Answer 13

streaming

Question 14

define summer setback

Answer 14

loss of numeracy and literacy among students during the summer months

Question 15

define political citizenship

Answer 15

individuals right to poitical involvement in society

-> i.e. giving ppl a voice

Question 16

define differential vulnerability hypothesis

Answer 16

argument that women experience more morbidity because their caregiving role makes them more susceptible to emotional stress

Question 17

define social capital

Answer 17

• bordieus concept
• social networks and informational resources which individuals are able to draw in their daily lives
• this preserves high economic and cultural capital

Question 18

define breadwinner wages

Answer 18

the family supporting wages to which some men are considered to be entitled during the 20th centry.

• state laws and support systems reinforced and sustained this gendered division

(female economic dependence)

Question 19

define decommodification

Answer 19

the strength of social entitlements and the degree to which ppl are protected from market dependency .

process of viewing social rights as an entitlement rather than as a commodity that must be payed for

Question 20

define live-in caregiver program

Answer 20

• immigration policy* that gives temporary work permits to women coming to fill the canadian need for live-in caregivers.
• > aims to fill demand in child care
• > WHILE at the same time restricting duration of stay for women in this program

Question 21

define state

Answer 21

• complex array of governing institutions in a society
• includes: national security, judiciary, bureaucratic institutions, ect.
• agents can use tools of the state to acquire, monopolize, or distribute resources and services and to maintain social order

Question 22

define hypersegregation

Answer 22

disproportionate number of minority group members are located in impoverished, dangerous, and envionrmentally polluted neighbourhoods

Question 23

define workfare

Answer 23

social assistance program that requires the recipients to take certain paid work or enroll in educational or training courses as a condition for receiving welfare benefits.

- mothers of young children exempt

Question 24

Define class linked stress

Answer 24

stress expossures that are dependent on social factors .

• ex: working class individuals more frequently employed in physically stressful jobs

Question 25

define citizen

Answer 25

members of a nation or society

• > entitled to all benefits, however, many groups are denied full rights of citizenship
• > some treated as “second-class citizens” and “non-citizens”

Question 26

define social citizenship

Answer 26

individuals right to full social inclusion in a society’s wealth .

-> citizens should be guaranteed economic well-being, health services, participation of heritage of their society