FINAL EXAM: CAGE and Health

Question 1

talk about healthcare utilization under the section health access and utilization

Answer 1

lower SES are …

• 10x more likely to report unmet health needs
• less likely to visit MD
• more likely to be hospitalized
• less likely to seek specialized treatments and surgery

Question 2

inequality in health: what are the current perspectives and critiques?

Answer 2

1. biomedicinal model dominates (bodies can be reduced to irregularities)
2. psychosocial model
3. theory needed to explain social causes as fundamental causes

Question 3

talk about access to MD under the section of healthcare access and utilization

Answer 3

• wait times
• 15% of canadians dont have regular doctor
• some indicate racial bias and the distribution of medical treatments
• treat low SES unequally
• prejudiced views about complience and intelligence of low SES and minorities

Question 4

Why are some canadians healthier than others under the CAGE and (re)production and distribution

Answer 4

Gender ideologies

• men more physically active at all ages
• 4 reasons why women rnt as healthy …
  
  • medicine discourages excercise
  • media beauty standards unattainable and discouraging
  • agiest assumptions about abilities of women
  • racial/ethnic bias
• women have less time and financial resources to particiapte

Question 5

discuss mortality, morbidity, and mental health

Answer 5

• higher SES enjoy better quality of life and live longer
• place matters
  
  • regional differences (urban and rural)
  • less difference b.w cities
    
    • BUT the poor located within industry and toxins
• cities with higher inequality have worse health outcomes for low SES
  
  • higher infant mortality and suicide rates
• questions about causality
• mental illness caries according to CAGE

Question 6

paradox: men live longer than women but have higher morbidity rates

Answer 6

FALSE: women live longer and have higher mobidity rates

Question 7

what does CAGE and reproduction and distribution talk about?

Answer 7

• why are some canadians healther than others?
• gendered ideologies
• production
• reproduction
• studies are inconclusive

Question 8

the leading cause of death among aboriginals is ilness

Answer 8

FALSE: leading cause of death is injury

Question 9

what are the main points in the gender and mortality section

Answer 9

• mortality
• morbidity
• critique
• mental health
• mental health through time

Question 10

discuss how the biomedical model dominates in inequality and health ? what is its problems

Answer 10

• analysts use this as a way to see how medicine is being practices
• biomedicine -> this is the practice of medicine intersects with politics and economics
• institutional focus on the patient -> obiesity, smoking, ect.)

problem

• treats social causes as contributing to ill bodied
  
  • doesnt understand illness as emergent through complex social arrangements

Question 11

studies consistently show that the environment strongly influences health outcomes. t or f

Answer 11

FALSE: this may be the case BUT the answer we are looking for is SES and other social determinants influence health outcomes

Question 12

in the section of race, ethnicity, and health, talk about racism and discrimination

Answer 12

• racial harrassment report fair to poor health
• racial verbal abuse report higher levels of poorer health

Question 13

how does reproduction touch on CAGE and reproduciton and distribution?

Answer 13

• marriage is protective of mens health
• more complex for women cuz
  
  • family is a sight of stress
    
    • costs of caring
    • unpaid work

Question 14

talk about mental health and mental health through time in the section of gender and mortality

Answer 14

mental health

• similar levels but manifests differently
• men -> substance abuse
• women -> anixiety, depression, stress

mental health through time

• “early life determines later life”
• 15-24 year olds have highest rates of mood and substance abuse

Question 15

immigrants and visible minorities have better mental health.

Answer 15

true

Question 16

in the race, ethnicity, and health section, talk about immigrants

Answer 16

• non-europeans have better health than canadian born ppl
  
  • BUT it disappears after 10 years cuz they begin to adpot north american diets
• canadian borne asians have better health on average

Question 17

whats the problem with agency and lifestyle behavior

Answer 17

focuses too much on individual behaviors in canada

• weak predictors of health
• low SES have poor eating habbits
• men more likely to engage in risky behavoirs

Question 18

health studies are now focused on social factors

Answer 18

FALSE: still on individual behaviors

Question 19

_____ and ____ factors explain womens outcomes better than mens

Answer 19

structural and psychosocial factors

Question 20

agency and lifestyle behavoir section uses the psychosocial model

Answer 20

FALSE: biomedical model

Question 21

what are the points in healthcare access and utilization ?

Answer 21

• CAGE affects ability to seek diagnostic and treatment
• healthcare utilization
• access to MD
• MDs and gender

Question 22

mental illness is stable according to CAGE. t or f

Answer 22

FALSE: it varies according to CAGE

Question 23

talk about production in CAGE and reproduction and distribution

Answer 23

• exposure to pollutants, lack of control over work schedules, and discrimination are influences
• gendered work experiences
  
  • how work is assigned in the workplace

Question 24

what is the WTO’s definition of health?

Answer 24

state of complete Mental, social, and physical well-being and not merely the absense of disease or infirmity

Question 25

discuss the “theory needed to explain social causes as fundamental causes” for the inequality of health . what are its problems?

Answer 25

• House -> uses SES, ethnicity, race, and gender
  
  • social characteristics condition the psychosocial, envrionmental, and biomedical risk factors
  • used to analyse effects to understand health ineqaulity

Problem

• ignores age and time
• focuses gender/race ONLY through SES
• conseptualizes CAGE as seperate variables

Question 26

why are the studies inconclusive with regards to CAGE and reproduction and distribution?

Answer 26

• tends to focus on one or two aspects of CAGE
• draws too much attention on american studies

Question 27

talk about mortality and morbidity in the section of gender and mortality. whats the critique?

Answer 27

mortality

• women live 4.7 years longer than men (narrowing however)
• CDV and cancer leading cause of death for BOTH
• suicide is 3x higher in MEN

morbidity

• more women than men have a chronic health condition
• mental health affects men and women equally BUT manifests differently

critique

• studies rely on self-reporting
• no gender difference in the initial reporting of a condition

Question 28

in the race, ethnicity and health section, talk about aboriginals

Answer 28

• poorer health than average individual
• short life expectancy
• double infant mortality
• higher rates of depression
• more health problems (heart attacks, diabetes, HBP, ect.)
• leading cause of death is injury

Question 29

talk about MDs and gender under the section of healthcare access and utilization

Answer 29

• women more likely to visit MD and specialist services
  
  • MDs more likely to spend more time with women
  • overmedicalization of womens bodies
• men less likely to access medical services
  
  • masculine ideologies at work
  • caring for health seen as weakness

Question 30

discuss the psychosocial model in the inequality of health. what are its problems?

Answer 30

• acknowledges some problems such as psychosocial risk factors such as…
  
  • lack of social support, stress, psychological issues

problem

• doesnt explain unequal distributions of illness