Chapter 4: race and ethnicity

Question 1

race is the process of …

Answer 1

Racialization

• this implies a fixed category
• racialization has within it a project

Question 2

define reification

Answer 2

something that takes a meaning on its own without intending to

Question 3

weber: ethnicity is about what you are

Answer 3

False. its about what you are not

Question 4

what is social exclusion

Answer 4

in group/out group dynamic.

race gets subsumed under ethnicity

Question 5

Omi and Winant believe that we can legitimately subsume ethnicity under race

Answer 5

False

• they argue that the formation and consequences of race and ethnicity are different
• you cannot reduce one to another

Question 6

what does marx have to say about race?

Answer 6

• the capitalist class
  
  • take advantage of the existing ethnic and racial divides
  • they pay women less to make more profit
    *

Question 7

whats Marx’s flaw with his argument of race and capitalist classes

Answer 7

• the relationship with capital: you need to exploit someone to make profits
• we cannot reduce race and ethnicity to social classes

Question 8

define the theory of racial formation

Answer 8

socio-historical process by which racial categories are created, inhabited, transformed, and destroyed

Question 9

what are the 2 related phenomena that the theory of racial formation talks about?

Answer 9

1. historically situated racial projects
2. evolution of hegemony

Question 10

what is historically situated racial projects? what does it mean? what theory includes it?

Answer 10

race categories are created through socio-historical processes and are historically situated in a historical project

this includes:

1. race projects (individual and structural): link everyday experience with social structures
2. historically situated: meanings change. categories are a new phenomena -> eg. white, black,

Question 11

Under the theory of racial formation, historically racial projects need to distinguish between …

Answer 11

1. racist racial projects: must create or reproduce structures of domination (EG: Indian act)
2. Non-racist racial projects: mistaking someones identity

Question 12

under the category of the theory of racial formation, what does the evolution of hegemony mean? discuss its main points

Answer 12

the need for countervailing forces as a way to counteract government impositions

1. race predominantly a political phenomemon
   
   1. we use race as a reason to justify the poor (EG: foreign workers)
2. relies on consent
   
   1. historically situated

Question 13

Theory of racial formation

1. Historically situated racial projects

• race projects
• historically situated

2. Historically situated racial projects must distinguish

• racist racial projects
• non-racist racial projects

3. evolution of Hegemony

• race predominantly a political phenomenon
• relies on consent

Question 14

what is an example of a social movement?

Answer 14

Idle no More

Question 15

who talks about structural racism?

A) Weber

B) Bonilla silva

C) Essed

D) none of the above

Answer 15

B - Bonilla silva

Question 16

what does Bonilla Silva look at?

Answer 16

he emphasizes the structural process of racialization over ideology

Question 17

why does Bonilla Silva emphasize structural of racialization over ideology?

Answer 17

• race is contended socially through collectives
• emphasis on structure rather then ideology
• ideology a consequence of structures forces
• societies racial hierarchies determine access to ideological and material resources

Question 18

Essed argues …

Answer 18

the idea of race only exists in relation to other interests

Question 19

what are essed’s 4 main points about the idea of race

Answer 19

• race structures everything!
• systems of structural inequality a consequence of historical processes
• races are an ideological construction (diff from silva)
• ideology becomes a structuring force

Question 20

systems of structural inequalities form in relation to ideology

Answer 20

True

Question 21

race is an ideology, a structure, and a process. the elements of this include …

Answer 21

• power
  
  • opperates through action and inaction
  • passive tolerance (inaction)
• prejudice and discrimination
  
  • feelings of superiority