Chapter 3: gender and inequality

Question 1

what are the 2 processes that social feminists consider as distinct systems that intersect?

Answer 1

production (capitalism) and reproduction (patriarchy)

Question 2

define essentialism

Answer 2

biological differences explain and justify inequities

EX: women like to nurture

Question 3

Walby argues that patriarchy is a system of social relations that exist alongside capitalism and racism

Answer 3

true

Question 4

Acker believes that ___ are the primary ways we can analyse the inequalities in society

Answer 4

lack of wages

Question 5

define gender

Answer 5

social construction of difference

Question 6

Silvia Walby also uses a dual-system of theorizing BUT developes it by conceptializing patriarchy as a _____ structure

Answer 6

Multidimensional

Question 7

radical feminists argue that family is the basic economic unit of society and not the individual

Answer 7

FALSE: social feminists do

Question 8

Which of the following do NOT belong to Firestone’s analysis on biological families and their characteristically universal features

A) womens biological capacity to reproduce made them dependent on men for their survival

B) men take advantage of womens innate biological differences

C) children take a long time to become independent which thus affects the mother

D) bonds between mother and children are the strongest

E) reproductive capacity of women led to the first categorical division of labor

Answer 8

B

Question 9

Walby sees patriarchy as a ____

Answer 9

system of social structures and practices

Question 10

walby argues that patriarchal structures are NOT sites of …

Answer 10

oppression but rather are defined in terms of the social relations in each structure

Question 11

Joan Acker combines …

Answer 11

relations of production and reproduction

Question 12

Firestone argues that womens subordinate position in relation to men is rooted in the human

A) psychology

B) selfishness

C) biological family

D) desire to dominate

Answer 12

C) biological family

Question 13

For acker you need to consider ___ and ___

A) Age and Class

B) Class and Gender

C) Social Stucture and identity

D) sex and class

Answer 13

class and gender

Question 14

walby avoids 2 things …

Answer 14

• biological essentialism
• simplistic idea that all men want to dominate woman

Question 15

firestone and radical feminists argue that womens oppression lies in capitalism

Answer 15

FALSE: it lies in woman’s biology

Question 16

who are dual-systems theorists. who is considered one?

Answer 16

individuals who suggest that patriarchy and capitalism are 2 distinct systems that intersect in relation to teh opression of women

• Hartman

Question 17

what are the 2 main concepts about radical feminism?

Answer 17

• patriarchy
• domination

Question 18

women are disproportionately responsible for …

Answer 18

• household labor
• child care
• emotional management
• caring for older members of the family

Question 19

what are walby’s 6 patriarchal structures?

Answer 19

1. patriarchal mode of production
2. patriarchal relations in payed work
3. patriarchal states
4. male violence
5. patriarchal relations in sexuality
6. patriarchal culture

Question 20

Candice West and Don Zimmerman hold a ___ perspective

A) Conflict

B) Stuctural Functionalist

C) Symbolic interactionist

D) Critical Theory

Answer 20

C - symbolic interactionist

Question 21

silvia walby is structures and not ideological

Answer 21

True

Question 22

which of the following does NOT represent gender

A) oneness

B) identity

C) power

D) exploitation

E) Opression

Answer 22

A) Oneness

Question 23

sex is an organizing feature of social life

Answer 23

FALSE: gender is

Question 24

hartman argues that the material base of patriarchy is the control of womens labour power by men

Answer 24

True

Question 25

what is a criticism of Hardman

Answer 25

• doesnt expand on the idea of reproduction
  
  • doesnt say how its reproduced in society

Question 26

what are some criticisms of Firestone and Radical Feminism?

Answer 26

• treats the system of male dominance or patriarchy as a universal, transhistorical and transcultural phenomenon (women oppressed by men everywhere and in very similar ways)
• leads ppl to believe that men have an innate desire for power
• ignores social reproduction of material relations
  
  • i.e. capital

Question 27

for acker distribution of necessities operate thorugh ..​

Answer 27

• personal relations
  
  • ability to access a wage at a personal level
• marital relations
  
  • how its distributed within the family
• state relations
  
  • through laws and policies

Question 28

“The experience of being a man or a women is fundamentally shaped by class and class is informed by gender”. who said this

Answer 28

Acker

Question 29

what does Heidi Hartman argue

Answer 29

• patriarchy operates by treating production as a male activity and reproduction as a female characteristic
• capitalism and patriarchy adapt and support another
  
  • eg: family wage
• capitalism uses patriarchy to lower costs of women

Question 30

sex and gender differences are treated as _____ rather than as a _______

Answer 30

Individual characteristics, structural features of social life

Question 31

describe what Gender does

Answer 31

• introduced to avoid essentialism
• gender enables human nature
• separates biology from how we explain outselves
• opens up possibility for political freedom

Question 32

whats an example of Hartman’s argument with regards to capitalism and patriarchy?

Answer 32

Male workers and unions

• they opposed womens factory work cuz this would lower wages (through excess supply) and if woman worked for pay, there wouldnt be anyone to take care of the home

Question 33

“assume that gender inequality is a function of mens control of womens reproduction and sexuality”.

this is the definition of an ___

Answer 33

Radical feminist

Question 34

Social feminists argue that mens control produces a sexual division of labor.

Answer 34

FALSE: Radical feminists do

Question 35

Heidi Hardmen is structural and not ideological

Answer 35

False: Silvia Walby is

Question 36

radical feminists argue that ____ is responsible for the sexual division of labor

Answer 36

The nuclear family