final exam: ch 20 Flashcards
endocrine glands are different from sweat glands in that they are ___
ductless
endocrine glands secrete ___ to the blood and are __ throughout the body
hormones, circulated
this hormone type is used for short signaling distances, cell to cell
short
what is the name for the signaling molecules of the body
hormones
hormones govern different ___ processes, maintains ___
metabolic, homeostasis
do endocrine organs have small or large capillary beds
large
the cells that respond to hormones are called ___ cells
target
if cells dont have receptors, can they respond to hormones?
no
what is the name for the study of hormones
endocrinology
the 3 classes of hormones are: SPB
steroid, peptide/protien, biogenic amines
what is the example used for peptide/protein hormones
oxytocin, insulin
what is the example used for steroid hormones
estrogen
what is the example used for biogenic amine hormones
thyroid hormone
the two ways hormone secretion is controlled is through __ and __ feedback loops
positive, negative
name the feedback loop: desired maintenance value, causes reduction
negative
what hormone is used to lower blood sugar levels
insulin
name the feedback loop: stimulus speeds up the process. causes increase
positive
what gland is melatonin released from
pineal galnd
name the gland that is the interface between the nervous and endocrine system
hypothalamic gland
what gland controls the release of other hormones via regulatory hormones
hypothalamus
what gland of the endocrine system is nicknamed the “master gland”
hypothalamus
what is the largest purly glandular tissue
thyroid
the right and left lobes of the thyroid are connect via the __
isthmus
what is the functional unit of the thyroid
follicle
the thyroid produces ___
TGB
the parafollicular cells of the thyroid produce a hormone called ___ that ___ the calcium concentration of in the blood
calcitonin, lowers
the parathyroid contains chief cells that produce ___ that __ the concentration of calcium in the blood
PTH, increases
the adrenal glands are located on top of the __
kidneys
the adrenal glands have 3 layers, which one controls salt
zona glomerulosa
the adrenal glands have 3 layers, which one controls sugar
zona fasciculata
the adrenal glands have 3 layers, which one controls sex hormones
zona reticularis
which structure releases norepinephrine and epinephrine
adrenal medulla
are fat cells involved in cell signaling
yes
which organ is involved in both exocrine and endocrine systems
pancreas
the hormones of what organ regulate the blood glucose levels
pancreas
the pancreas is made of ___
islets
name for a group of cells contained in the body of the pancreas
islets
name the two cell types contained in the pancreas
alpha and beta
which pancreatic cell increases glucose levels
alpha
which pancreatic cell decreases blood glucose levels
beta
the alpha and beta cells of the pancreas are ___
opposites
name the two pancreatic cells that work against each other to regulate blood glucose levels
alpha and beta
what gland shrinks with age
thymus
the thymus maintains __ and is the location of ___ cells
immunity, t-lymphocytes
