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Human Anatomy > E3: Ch 17 > Flashcards

E3: Ch 17 Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous system pathways travel through __ matter of the brainstem and/or spinal cord

A

white

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2
Q

a pathway consists of a tract and a __

A

nucleus

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3
Q

each tract may work with multiple __ groups in the ___

A

nuclei, CNS

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4
Q

Ascending pathways are __

A

sensory

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5
Q

descending pathways are __

A

motor

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6
Q

contralateral means the __ side

A

opposite

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7
Q

Ipsilateral means the __ side

A

same

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8
Q

the term for most pathways exhibit a precise correspondence of receptors in body regions through nerve fibers to specific functional areas in the cerebral cortex, this is called

A

somatotopy

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9
Q

somatosensory are pathways that process stimuli received from receptors within __, __, and _

A

skin, muscle, joints

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10
Q

____ are pathways that process stimuli received from receptors within skin, muscle, joints

A

somatosensory

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11
Q

Viscerosensory pathways process stimuli received from the ___

A

viscera

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12
Q

__ pathways process stimuli received from the viscera

A

Viscerosensory

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13
Q

3 types of somatosensory pathways:

A

Spinocerebellar, anterolateral, Posterior funiculus

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14
Q

what pathway projects through the spinal cord, brainstem, and diencephalon, terminates in cerebral cortex

A

posterior funiculus

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15
Q

tracts within the cord are called the

A

posterior funiculus

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16
Q

fascicles cuneatus originates in the

A

upper limbs

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17
Q

fascicles gracilis originates in the

A

lower limbs

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18
Q

tracts within the brainstem are called the

A

medial lemniscus

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19
Q

anterolateral pathway located in the __ and __ white funiculi of cord

A

anterior, lateral

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20
Q

the anterolateral pathway is composed of what 2 tracts

A

anterior and lateral spinothalamic tract

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21
Q

axons entering the 2 anterolateral pathways are related to crude __, __, __, ___

A

touch, pressure, pain, temp.

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22
Q

axons of secondary neurons cross over to ___ side, occurring in the ___ white commissure

A

opposite, anterior

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23
Q

spinocerebellar pathway coordinates __ __

A

body movement

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24
Q

spinocerebellar pathway composed of 2 tracts

A

anterior, posterior spinocerebellar tracts

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25
Q

efferent pathways are

A

motor pathways

26
Q

efferent pathways regulate

A

skeletal muscle activity

27
Q

descending projection tracts are motor pathway that originate from __ cortex and __

A

cerebral, brainstem

28
Q

2 motor neurons in somatic motor pathway

A

upper motor neuron, low motor neuron

29
Q

upper motor neuron within the __ cortex

A

cerebral

30
Q

lower motor neuron is housed within

A

anterior horn of spinal cord

31
Q

upper motor neuron ____ the lower motor neuron

A

excites or inhibits

32
Q

lower motor neuron ___ because it connects directly to skeletal muscle fiber

A

always excitatory

33
Q

cell bodies of motor neurons are involved in control of ___ and ___ muscles, reside in anterior horn of cord

A

limb, trunk,

34
Q

neurons innervate head and neck located in _____ in reticular formation

A

motor nuclei of cranial nerves

35
Q

direct pathways are

A

conscious control

36
Q

indirect pathways are

A

unconscious control

37
Q

direct pathways also called

A

pyramidal pathway

38
Q

axons in the pyramidal pathway ultimately form ___ descending __ tracts

A

3, motor

39
Q

3 descending motor tracts of the direct pathways

A

corticobulbar, lateral, anterior corticospinal tract

40
Q

corticobulbar tracts originate from the __ region

A

facial

41
Q

lateral corticospinal tracts control skilled movements in the __

A

limbs

42
Q

anterior corticospinal tracts innervate the __ skeleton muscle

A

axial

43
Q

indirect pathway originate in __ nuclei

A

brainstem

44
Q

indirect pathway have a complex route. T/F

A

T

45
Q

indirect pathways alter motor neuron __

A

sensitivity

46
Q

indirect pathways activate __ loops

A

feedback

47
Q

indirect pathways located in ___

A

head limbs trunk

48
Q

indirect pathway is __ and has a high degree of complexity

A

multi synaptic,

49
Q

indirect pathway has circuits are diverse and __

A

involve

50
Q

indirect pathway regulate contraction of __ __ via exciting or inhibiting the __ motor neurons

A

skeletal muscles, lower

51
Q

reticulospinal tracts originate from

A

mesencephalon

52
Q

reticulospinal controls movements related to __ and maintaining ___

A

posture, balance

53
Q

cerebral nuclei receive impulses from entire __ cortex. most output goes to primary __ cortex. also provides __ motor activity

A

cerebral, motor, concious

54
Q

cerebellum receives ___ input

A

convergent

55
Q

cerebral lateralization

A

cerebral hemispheres are specialized for certain tasks

56
Q

left hemisphere is the ___ hemisphere

A

categorical

57
Q

wernicke’s area is in the __ hemi. this contains speech and __

A

left, language

58
Q

right hemisphere is the __ hemisphere

A

representational

59
Q

__ hemisphere concerned with visual reltaionships and analyses

A

right

60
Q

connects both hemispheres and allows for constant communication

A

corpus callosum

61
Q

Memory converion is called encoding or memory __

A

consolidation

62
Q

reticular formation is composed of __ matter

A

gray

Human Anatomy (30 decks)

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