Final Exam Flashcards
A substance used to reduce a catalyst’s undesirable effects
Inhibitor
Determined by the average kinetic energy of its molecules
Temperature of gas
Instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure
Barometer
The state of matter that is fairly dense, has a definite colume, and has a fixed shape
Solid
The intermolecular forces that exist between polar molecules
Dipole-dipole forces
Abbreviation for molarity
M
Gas mingling with porous substances is an example of this
Permeability
This law states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases equals the sum of the partial pressures
Dalton’s law of partial pressures
Used to properly describe the composition of ionic compounds; tells what elements are present and gives the simplest moles
Empirical Formula
These are required to perform stoichiometric calculations correctly
Balanced equations
The actual yield divided by the theoretical yield and multiplies by 100%
Percent yield
To convert moles of a pure substance to particles of that same substance, you must multiply the mole by this
Avogadro’s number
In a chemical reaction, these are used up before the others and prevents more products from forming
Limiting reactant
The official definition of Avogadro’s number is based on this
12g of Carbon
An element’s relative mass, expressed in atomic mass units on the periodic table and is equal to its
Molar mass
Prefix=7
Hepta
Substances that change the rate of a reaction without undergoing permanent changes themselves
Catalysts
In a chemical equation these always appear on the left side
Reactants
Name derived from a German chemist and what chemicals he had “in Stock”
Stock system
Prefix that is usually ommitted in a binary covalent compound naming
Mono
Prefix that means 8
Octa
These molecules lack polarity
Diatomic molecules
According to this theory, there must be more electons in bonding orbital than in antibonding orbital for a bond to form between two atoms
Molecular orbital theory
This theory states that covalent bonds are formed when orbital of different atoms overlap
Valence bond theory
An orderly arrangement of ions in a three-dimensional pattern within a compound
Crystal lattice
The measure of an atom’s ability to attract electrons to itseld in a chemical bond
Electronegativity
The total number of electrons must equal the total number of valence electrons provided by the atoms in the molecule, in this format
Lewis structure
The large group of elements that have their highest energy electrons in interior d sublevels
Transition metals
Mendeleev’s periodic table arranged elements by this
Atomic mass
Electron atomic particle
Cathode rays
This atomic particle is reveal under a spectroscopy
Electron
The electrons in the outermost energy level that are important in bonding
Valence electrons
A negatively charged ion
Anion
States that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers
Pauli exclusion principle
Describes how electrons fill orbits
Aufbau principle
States that it is impossible to know both the energy and the exact position of an electron at the same time
Heinsberg uncertainty principle
Was the first to refer to the smallest particles composing matter as atoms
Democritus
Standard SI temperature scale
Kelvin
An instrument that is used to compare an object directly to a scale or that displays the reading using a pointer
Analog instrument
The system of measurement is any meaurement that is based on a decimal scale
Metric system
A fraction equal to one that contains both the original unit and its equivalent value in a new unit
Conversion factor
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius is defined
Calorie
This principle of logic states asserts that a hypothesis makes as few assumptions and is as simple as possible
Ockham’s Razor
The Book of Genesis gives this
Creation Mandate
The data or conclusions that result from careful exerimentation
Empirical data
Science is the total collection of knowledge gained through doing this
Observation
Chemistry is the study of chemicals and the study of all of the changes to this
Matter
Physical, descriptive or mathematical representations that characterize a system or explain a phenomenon
Scientific models
Four Greek Elements
Earth, Air, Fire & Water
Reasoning that can prove a statement to be probable or likely.
Inductive reasoning
Gold
Au
Radon
Rn
Copper
Cu
Zinc
Zn
Potassium
K
Tungsten
W
KClO3
Chloride
P2O5
Dyphosnerous pentoxide
NH4F
Omonium Floride
NA3PO4
Sodium phosphate
