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Chemistry > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

The smaller the percent error, the more _____ the measure is.

A

accurate

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2
Q

The SI is the _____ system.

A

metric

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3
Q

A(n) _____ is an artificial device.

A

instrument

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4
Q

The result of comparing unknown quantities is known as a(n) _____.

A

measurement

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5
Q

What is the act of comparing an unknown quantity to a standard unit?

A

measurement

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6
Q

What is a measurable property of an object?

A

dimension

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7
Q

A(n) _____ is one of something.

A

unit

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8
Q

A(n) _____ provides a means for measuring.

A

scale

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9
Q

A(n) _____ is any artificial device used to measure.

A

instrument

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10
Q

A(n) _____ system is any measuring system in which different-sized units are related to each other by multiples of 10.

A

metric

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11
Q

What are the (7) SI Base Units?

A
  • length
  • mass
  • time
  • temperature (absolute)
  • number of particles
  • electrical current
  • light intensity
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12
Q

What is accuracy?

A

how close a measurement is to the actual value

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13
Q

What is precision?

A

quantitative evaluation of the exactness of a measurement or a measuring instrument (repeatability)

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14
Q

Describe data.

A

any recorded observation that is a detailed description

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15
Q

What are digits that are known for certain, plus one estimated number?

A

significant digits

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16
Q

What is significant digit rule number 1?

A

SigDigs apply only to measured data
(SigDigs do not apply to counted or pure numbers)
(SigDigs do not apply to ratios that are exactly 1 by definition)

17
Q

What is significant digit rule number 2?

A

all non zero digits are significant

18
Q

What is significant digit rule number 3?

A

all zeros between nonzero digits are significant

19
Q

What is significant digit rule number 4?

A

decimal points define significant zeros
(If a decimal point is present, all zeros to the right of the last non zero digit are significant)
(If a decimal point is not present, no trailing zeros are significant)
(In decimal numbers, all zeros to the left of the first nonzero digit are not significant)

20
Q

What is significant digit rule number 5?

A

significant zeroes in the one’s place are followed by a decimal point

21
Q

What is significant digit rule number 6?

A

The decimal factor of scientific notation contains only SigDigs

22
Q

What is math rule number 1?

A

Measured data must be the same kind of dimension and have the same units before they can be added or subtracted

23
Q

What is math rule number 2?

A

The sum or differences of measured data cannot have greater precision than the least precise quantity in the sum or difference.

24
Q

What is math rule number 3?

A

The product or quotient of measured data cannot have more SigDigs than the quantity with the fewest SigDigs.

25
Q

What is math rule number 4?

A

The product or quotient of a measurement and a counted number, conversion factor, or defined value has the same number of decimal places, or same precision, as the original measurement.

26
Q

What is math rule number 5?

A

In compound calculations, do not round off at the intermediate steps.

27
Q

What is bridge notation?

A

way of converting measurements

ex (in-ft): 60in/1 X 1ft/12in = 5ft

(see book p53 if you need to. It’s really not that hard)

28
Q

What is a conversion factor?

A

A ratio that is constructed from the relationship between two units and is equal to 1, for example, 1kg/1000g.

I recommend knowing some basic ones if you don’t already.

29
Q

To _____ is to accurately subdivide into measurement units.

A

calibrate

30
Q

What are base units?

A

seven units in the SI, each of which measures a basic dimension, from which all other metric dimensional units are derived

31
Q

What is a derived unit?

A

any mathematical combination of the base units (ex: square meter, cubic meter, hertz, and joule)

32
Q

What is a unit conversion?

A

multiplication of a measurement by a conversion factor

33
Q

What kind of instrument uses a scale and pointer?

A

analog

34
Q

What kind of instrument uses a display with numerical digits?

A

digital

35
Q

Essay!!!!!;) 👰

A

Bridge notation

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