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Chemistry > Chapter 1-2 > Flashcards

Chapter 1-2 Flashcards

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1
Q

T/F: Kelvin is a degree that is the same size as a Celsius degree.

A

False

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2
Q

Thermal energy always flows from _____ to _____.

A

Hot to cold

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3
Q

What is the standard unit measurement of energy?

A

Joule

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4
Q

Digestion of food is an example of a(n) _____ change.

A

Chemical

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5
Q

Mothball crystals are an example of a substance that exhibits _____.

A

Sublimation

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6
Q

The Burning of a candle is an example of a _____ reaction.

A

Exothermic

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7
Q

Alchemist were known for trying to turn metals into _____.

A

Gold

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8
Q

What is the small particle of the matter?

A

An atom

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9
Q

What is the ability to do work?

A

Energy

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10
Q

Charged atoms are called _____.

A

Ions

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11
Q

What are ideas that a person assumes to be true without any proof?

A

Presupposition

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12
Q

[Will add question later]

A

Absolute zero

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13
Q

What represents an elements name?

A

Chemical symbol

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14
Q

Mixtures such as orange juice, which need to be shaken, our known as what?

A

Heterogeneous mixtures

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15
Q

What is a workable re-creation of something?

A

Scientific model

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16
Q

What state of matter can exist at near absolute zero temperatures?

A

Bose – Einstein

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17
Q

Which law of thermodynamics states that all natural processes tend toward the highest point of entropy?

A

The second law of thermodynamics

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18
Q

[Will add question later]

A

Kinetic-molecular theory

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19
Q

The science of _____ studies movement and thermal energy.

A

Thermodynamics

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20
Q

What is the measure of randomness?

A

Entropy

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21
Q

[Will add question later]

A

Observation

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22
Q

What worldview states that matter is the only thing that exists and human reason is the only source of truth?

A

Naturalistic

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23
Q

In 2000, an estimated 18 million chemicals… If 1 million chemicals are added per year, there would be… By the year 2020. This is an example of _____.

A

Inductive reasoning

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24
Q

Where is the creation mandate found?

A

Genesis

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25
Q

Sweet tea is an example of a(n) _____ mixture.

A

Homogenous

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26
Q

Type of data that refers to numbers.

A

Quantitative

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27
Q

What culture is most associated with apothecaries?

A

Egyptians

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28
Q

What is a simple and testable statement?

A

Hypothesis

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29
Q

Type of data that refers to characteristics.

A

Qualitative

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30
Q

Who was the first Bible character to use metallurgy?

A

Cain

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31
Q

What is the simplest possible outcome for a hypothesis?

A

Ockham’s razor

32
Q

What would be the best way to collect data on soil pollution?

A

Surveys

33
Q

The data collected from an experiment can be described as _____.

A

Imperical

34
Q

_____ energy is the sum of all motions in a particle.

A

Kinetic

35
Q

What is the most important contribution from alchemist?

A

Experiments

I thought it was something slightly different. Please change if u remember

36
Q

Which commandment is “Love thy neighbor as thyself”?

A

The second commandment

37
Q

Biblical perspective is

Add more if u can remember

A

Christian worldview

38
Q

[Will add question later]

A

System

39
Q

[Will add question later]

A

Third law of thermodynamics

40
Q

JUST A REMINDER

A

There are two essays on the test. She said they were both on pages two and three.

41
Q

A Christian chemist who believes the Bible would exhibit _____ in his work.

A

A bias

42
Q

What is the study of all elements (except carbon) and their components, often in the context of their ability to conduct electricity?

A

Inorganic Chemistry

43
Q

What is the study of radioactivity, the nucleus, and the changes that the nucleus undergoes?

A

Nuclear Chemistry

44
Q

What is the study of the chemical processes in living things?

A

Biochemistry

45
Q

What is the study of compounds containing carbon, most commonly in living things?

A

Organic Chemistry

46
Q

What is the foundation theories of chemistry that allow detailed study of interactions between substances and the accompanying energy changes?

A

Physical Chemistry

47
Q

_____ is the total collection of knowledge gained through the systematic observation of nature

A

Science

48
Q

_____ science explores natural products and processes for specific applications?

A

Applied

49
Q

_____ science probes nature simply to learn new things about the universe we live in.

A

Pure

50
Q

What kind of reasoning proceeds from generailzed premises to a specific conclusion?

A

Deductive

51
Q

What kind of reasoning proceeds from specific examples to a general conclusion?

A

Inductive

52
Q

Who concluded oxygen was the reason why increase in mass when burned?

A

Lavoisier

53
Q

Who discovered oxygen?

A

Priestly

54
Q

_____ is anything that occupies space and has mass.

A

Matter

55
Q

_____ properties are properties that can be measured or observed without changing the actual composition of the material.

A

Physical

56
Q

_____ properties are properties that describe how matter acts in the presence of other materials or how it changes composition when sufficient energy is added to it.

A

Chemical

57
Q

_____ is how much matter is in a unit.

A

Density

58
Q

_____ is connections between particles.

A

Malleability

59
Q

_____ is being able to be stretched into long thin wires.

A

Ductility

60
Q

_____ is the ability to transfer heat or energy.

A

Conductivity

61
Q

A _____ is a substance that consists of only one type of matter.

A

Pure Substance

62
Q

A _____ is a material that can be separated into two or more pure substances by physical changes.

A

Mixture

63
Q

A(n) _____ is a pure substance consisting of only one kind of atom.

A

Element

64
Q

_____s are distinct groups of atoms bonded together.

A

Molecules

65
Q

_____s are pure substances that consist of 2 or more elements chemically combined.

A

Compounds

66
Q

State the First Law of Thermodynamics.

A

Energy (anything) cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

67
Q

State the Second Law of Thermodynamics.

A

All natural processes tend toward the highest entropy and minimum usable energy.

68
Q

State the Third Law of Thermodynamics.

A

It is impossible to reach absolute zero

69
Q

What is the random jiggling of microscopic matter?

A

Brownian motion

70
Q

What are the four states of matter?

A

Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma

71
Q

GAS to LIQUID

A

Condensation

72
Q

LIQUID to GAS

A

Vaporization

73
Q

LIQUID to SOLID

A

Freezing

74
Q

SOLID to LIQUID

A

Melting

75
Q

SOLID to GAS

A

Sublimation

76
Q

GAS to SOLID

A

Deposition

Chemistry (15 decks)

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