Final: Chapter 10 Flashcards
Anticipatory Behavior
action of value later in life
i.e. response to life, rhythm activity spinal cord, grasp reflex
Adaptive behaviors
gene specific functions at particular parts of development
hatching behavior- use clicks to synchronize hatching
rooting reflex
Substrative Behaviors
form a basis on which more complex behavior can build
i.e. crawl before walk, impact of experience
Grasp reflex
deeply rooted, lose in 3 months
Early drosophilia behavior patterns
1) myogenic
2) muscle program- spontaneous
3) stimulus evoked
ends with front/back, then touch, then self righting
Experiment: Cut out sensory part of spinal cord
at first, indistinguishable, but spontaneous innervation still there even if unresponsive
Similar spontaneous activity in dish, though smaller/less frequent
not based on sensory input though, so it looks weird
Amphibian coil and slither behavior
coil: stimulus one side to contralateral
swim: commissure neurons cross, coiling on one side quickly followed by coiling on the other
Zebrafish: what happens when commissural contacts impart 1 side –> another?
switch electrical activity to modulation by NT
Experiment: Chickens in the glass eggs
Glass egg still has hatching motor program
it’s in the neck. Anesthesia in the neck = no hatching
Caterpillar: changes during metamorphosis
1) Dendrite regression
2) decrease in EPSP
Experiment: graft donor branchial/thoracic spinal cord in chicken
Now legs move together
Experiment: graft donor lumbosacral spinal cord
now wings alternate
What controls wing/leg patterns in the chicken?
hox genes
Experiment: maternal care different mothers
High groomer: serotonin,
TSA (proacetylation) inhibits deacetylation
demethylation
Low groomer: no input, methylation
Experiment: infants and sounds
turn head to sound, have toy to see if they can hear sound
Experiment: ba vs. pa
ba is continuous, but pa has gap.
pa more difficult, infants have bad temporal processing
Amplitude modulation depth _____ with age, both in humans and gerbils
decreases
What happens to neurofilament + fibers during the first 10 years of life?
increase
During the first 10 years of life, what happens to GABA-A subunit?
alpha-1 replaces alpha-2
Babies suck at sound lateralization
need extended sound, long time to turn head
why get better? brain map overlap
Receptive field sizes
decrease (at first too big)
first sensory, then association fields decrease
Primate visual acuity (stripes)
not limited by retina
maturation of VISUAL CORTEX
spacing between cones limits acuity
Gross vs. fine depth preception (visual cliff)
Gross by 6 months (will baby cross?)
Toddler’s can’t get depth between objects, must refine binocular input.
Associative learning in rats: tone and shock
when at same time, rats learn, 10-30 seconds, they don’t get the association until they are P21
Rats exposed to tone first have more fear response because of their anticipation
Memory development in primates: delayed nonmatch task
remember object represented first, choose new object
older monkey learns task faster
Locomotor skills: slope adjustments
relearn to walk
POSTURE SPECIFIC
Song learning in birds need
1) to hear adult sing
2) hear themselves
Manuel communication in deaf infants
show hand babbling
Recognition of language specific patterns
Experiment: listen to English and Swedish
know vowel changes in English, but in Swedish, different language, can’t get frequency changes.
Know language, but no theirs
Speech activation in infant brain reveals (fMRI)
Temporal cortex: respond to sound
Angular gyrus: adults, only forward speech
infants: respond to forward and reverse speech.
equal in temporal lobe
Left dominance, but not sensitivity cues
