Final: Chapter 10

Question 1

Anticipatory Behavior

Answer 1

action of value later in life

i.e. response to life, rhythm activity spinal cord, grasp reflex

Question 2

Adaptive behaviors

Answer 2

gene specific functions at particular parts of development

hatching behavior- use clicks to synchronize hatching

rooting reflex

Question 3

Substrative Behaviors

Answer 3

form a basis on which more complex behavior can build

i.e. crawl before walk, impact of experience

Question 4

Grasp reflex

Answer 4

deeply rooted, lose in 3 months

Question 5

Early drosophilia behavior patterns

Answer 5

1) myogenic
2) muscle program- spontaneous
3) stimulus evoked

ends with front/back, then touch, then self righting

Question 6

Experiment: Cut out sensory part of spinal cord

Answer 6

at first, indistinguishable, but spontaneous innervation still there even if unresponsive

Similar spontaneous activity in dish, though smaller/less frequent

not based on sensory input though, so it looks weird

Question 7

Amphibian coil and slither behavior

Answer 7

coil: stimulus one side to contralateral
swim: commissure neurons cross, coiling on one side quickly followed by coiling on the other

Question 8

Zebrafish: what happens when commissural contacts impart 1 side –> another?

Answer 8

switch electrical activity to modulation by NT

Question 9

Experiment: Chickens in the glass eggs

Answer 9

Glass egg still has hatching motor program

it’s in the neck. Anesthesia in the neck = no hatching

Question 10

Caterpillar: changes during metamorphosis

Answer 10

1) Dendrite regression

2) decrease in EPSP

Question 11

Experiment: graft donor branchial/thoracic spinal cord in chicken

Answer 11

Now legs move together

Question 12

Experiment: graft donor lumbosacral spinal cord

Answer 12

now wings alternate

Question 13

What controls wing/leg patterns in the chicken?

Answer 13

hox genes

Question 14

Experiment: maternal care different mothers

Answer 14

High groomer: serotonin,
TSA (proacetylation) inhibits deacetylation
demethylation

Low groomer: no input, methylation

Question 15

Experiment: infants and sounds

Answer 15

turn head to sound, have toy to see if they can hear sound

Question 16

Experiment: ba vs. pa

Answer 16

ba is continuous, but pa has gap.

pa more difficult, infants have bad temporal processing

Question 17

Amplitude modulation depth _____ with age, both in humans and gerbils

Answer 17

decreases

Question 18

What happens to neurofilament + fibers during the first 10 years of life?

Answer 18

increase

Question 19

During the first 10 years of life, what happens to GABA-A subunit?

Answer 19

alpha-1 replaces alpha-2

Question 20

Babies suck at sound lateralization

Answer 20

need extended sound, long time to turn head

why get better? brain map overlap

Question 21

Receptive field sizes

Answer 21

decrease (at first too big)

first sensory, then association fields decrease

Question 22

Primate visual acuity (stripes)

Answer 22

not limited by retina

maturation of VISUAL CORTEX

spacing between cones limits acuity

Question 23

Gross vs. fine depth preception (visual cliff)

Answer 23

Gross by 6 months (will baby cross?)

Toddler’s can’t get depth between objects, must refine binocular input.

Question 24

Associative learning in rats: tone and shock

Answer 24

when at same time, rats learn, 10-30 seconds, they don’t get the association until they are P21

Rats exposed to tone first have more fear response because of their anticipation

Question 25

Memory development in primates: delayed nonmatch task

Answer 25

remember object represented first, choose new object

older monkey learns task faster

Question 26

Locomotor skills: slope adjustments

Answer 26

relearn to walk

POSTURE SPECIFIC

Question 27

Song learning in birds need

Answer 27

1) to hear adult sing

2) hear themselves

Question 28

Manuel communication in deaf infants

Answer 28

show hand babbling

Question 29

Recognition of language specific patterns

Experiment: listen to English and Swedish

Answer 29

know vowel changes in English, but in Swedish, different language, can’t get frequency changes.

Know language, but no theirs

Question 30

Speech activation in infant brain reveals (fMRI)

Answer 30

Temporal cortex: respond to sound

Angular gyrus: adults, only forward speech

infants: respond to forward and reverse speech.
equal in temporal lobe

Left dominance, but not sensitivity cues