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Developmental Neurobiology 🧠 > Exam 1: Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Exam 1: Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Neurogenesis in vertebrate starts in

A

neural tube

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2
Q

Interkinetic Nuclear Migration

A

Some slides during cell phase

M/G towards ventricular zone, S phase towards outside

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3
Q

G1

A

control mechanism for S phase or no S phase

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4
Q

Multipotent cells

A

progenitor can make many things

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5
Q

1 progenitor

A

5 neurons

30 glia

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6
Q

3H thymidine birth dating

A

weak signal over time, replace with BrDU
autoradiography

pyramidal>granuale
cortex inside out
old > new

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7
Q

What tell us what cells we want

A

growth factors

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8
Q

Invariant time table

A

motor neurons develop at same time period

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9
Q

Division trends

A 
inside out
large (inner) > small (outer)
Old > new
pyramidal/pukinje > granule 
Layer 6 > Layer 1
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10
Q

Q fraction

A

quite cell cycle, what fraction leaves cell cycle, goes up as we go along

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11
Q

Expansion phase

A

low Q fraction

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12
Q

Neurogenic phase

A

high Q fraction

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13
Q

Why does overall length of cell cycle increase

A 
Lengthen G1 due to growth factor 
# progeny generated by v zone is lowered
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14
Q

___ controls proliferation

A

cyclins, which are intrinsic

control if cell responds to extrinsic

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15
Q

When cyclin pairs with cdk (kinase)

A

phosphorylates Rb

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16
Q

Rb mutation

A

uncontrolled proliferation of retinal cells

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17
Q

E2F

A

transcription factor

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18
Q

Cell cycle is inhibited by proteins

A

p27kip/p21

cdkIs

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19
Q

Stop signal for cell cycle

A

TGF-beta

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20
Q

lower Q fraction

A

thick cortex, lower cdkIs

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21
Q

higher Q fraction

A

thin cortex, high cdkIs

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22
Q

Forebrain develops from

A

prosomeres

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23
Q

Dorsoventral patterning in neural tube

A

shh, BMP, wnt

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24
Q

Cerebral cortex patterns

A

Emx, Pax, FGF

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25
Q

___ promotes granule in cerebellum

A

Shh

purkinje make shh. signal to granule cells

26
Q

Radial Glia growth factor

A

GGF

27
Q

Neural growth factor

A

NT3, FGF2 (neurotrophins)

28
Q

Oligo growth factor

A

NT3, PDGF, IGF1

29
Q

Astrocyte growth factor

A

EGF, CNTF, BMP

CNTF + BMP2 –> GFAP

30
Q

How to make astrocytes

A

CNTP –> phosphorylates STAT3 –> uptake GFAP/S100
BMP helps
Hes genes repress neural

31
Q

How do we make sure no astrocytes before neurons?

A

early unresponsive to CNTF

promotor GFAP methylated so STAT3 can’t bind

32
Q

Proneural TRANSCRIPTION facotrs

A

Mash1, neurogenin, Olig1/2

33
Q

We don’t have Ac-S, but we do have

A

Mash

34
Q

Block notch

A

premature differentiation of neurons

35
Q

Increase Hes-1

A

increase S phase

36
Q

How to make oligodendrocytes

A

ventral part of spinal cord

Nkx2.2 + Oligo1/2

37
Q

How to make motor neuron

A

Neurog2 + oligo1/2

38
Q

KO oligo 1/2

A

MN don’t develop either

39
Q

Radial glia/apical progenitors

A

new neurons migrate along them

asymmetrical division

40
Q

Cajal-Retizus cells

A

tell migrating cells where to stop
stellate shaped
located in superficial marginal zone

41
Q

IPCs/basal progenitors

A

continue divisions after ventricular zone

at SVZ, symmetric divide for neurons

42
Q

What did noctor’s GFP expressing studies reveal?

A

Radial glia ARE neuronal progenitors

43
Q

Most neurons in cortex are

A

pyramidal glutamate

44
Q

GABA stellate neurons

A

made in medial ganglionic eminence (MGE)
make internenurons/basal ganglia
not energy efficient, but novel

45
Q

Cerebellar cortex: purkinje

A

made in V zone

from cerebellar plate

46
Q

Cerebellar cortex: granuale

A

mad in rhombic lip

form external granule layer

47
Q

____ glia guide granule cells

A

Bergmann glia

48
Q

Cerebellum: How to

A

1) purkinje
2) FGC (External Granule Layer)- use Bergmann glia
3) pukinjie –> Shh –> EGL
4) EGC –> Reelin –> Purkinje

49
Q

What moves purkinje so granule can pass through?

A

Reelin

50
Q

What allows granule cells to adhere to Bergmann glia

A

Astrotactin

51
Q

KO Reelin,

A

lose organization

52
Q

Reeler Mutant

A

decrease purkinje, not single layer
decrease granule cells, stay in EGL layer
outside in cortex

53
Q

What makes Reelin?

A

Cajal-Retzius cells

54
Q

Reelin stop/go mechanism

A

Dab1: migrate granuale
Cul5: inhibits Dab1, but slower, so stop and go signal

55
Q

Does where reelin located matter?

A

pathways within cell, don’t need it in right place for migration, thought it helps

56
Q

Amphibian neurogenesis post-embryonic

A 
growth of retina confined to periphery 
Ciliary marginal zone (CMZ)
primitive to periphery 
retinal progenitor cells, next to mature retina
Caudal shift
57
Q

Nottlebohm’s birds

A

males large HVC spring
Female add testosterone, increase in size

3H-thymidine and testosterone

  • increase labeled neurons in HVc
  • same # neurons in ventricular zone
  • new neurons make in VZ but migrated
58
Q

Kemperman

A

Environment enrichment = hippocampal neurogenesis

59
Q

Goud

A

Learning/memory associated with hippocampal neurogenesis

stress= fewer hippocampal neurons

antidepressants increase neurogenesis

SVZ –> hippocampal, cerebellum, olfactory

60
Q

What cells use chain migration

A

olfactory

all SVZ, no radial glia, migrate by sliding on each other

Developmental Neurobiology 🧠 (11 decks)

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