Final Flashcards
_____ the national certification organization for R.T.s
ARRT
what is ARRT
the national certification organization for R.T.s
_____ provided additional support for venipuncture in our scope of practice
ACR
____ state licensing agency for R.T.s
RHB
What is the CDPH -RHB
what does it do
Californial Department of Public Health- Radiologic Health Branch
It is the state licensing for RT
Define medical negligence
Failure do something that an ordinary person would do in a certain situation
What does HIPAA stand for
Health Insurance of Portability and Accountability act of 1996
Why is the standard of care used for
to measure the competence of an individual
How much does HIPAA compliance cost
$66 billion
What does ASRT stand for
and what does it do?
American Society of Radiologic Technologist
Professional organization for RTs
-It writes the scope of practice
What are the three important standards/documents the ASRT writes for our profession?
- Scope of practice
- Ethical standards
- Practice standards
What are the responsibilities of the CDPH-RHB?
- Provides RT license to legally work in California,
- Enforces laws and regulation
What does JRCERT stand for?
What does it do ?
Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology
- writes educational standards to radiology schools?
Who writes educational standards to radiology schools?
JRCERT
Joint Review Committee on Education and Radiologic Technology
Define scope of practice
Series of guidelines set forth what professionals should or should not do.
Which one of the 4 HIPAA primary objectives are we most concerned with?
4: Guarantee security & privacy of health information
Define liability
State of being susceptible, easily affected
____ is the term for the State of being susceptible, easily affected
Liability
Define pharmacology
Study of drugs in living things
___ is the study of drugs in living things
pharmacology
Define legend drugs
Medications that require prescriptions
Medications that require prescriptions are known as_____
Legend drugs
What are the items a valid prescription must contain?
*7 components:
- Pt. name
- Drug name
- Dosage
- Dosage form
- Route of administration
- Date of order
- Prescriber signature
Out of the 5 scheduled controlled substance classifications, which ones are illegal
Scheduled C-1
List the drug reference tools?
- Physician Drug Reference (PDR)
- American Hospital formulary service Drug information
- Drugs in pregnancy & lactation
- Facts & Comparisons
- Handbook on injectable drug
- Drug interaction facts / Hanstens drug interactions
What is the DEA?
What does it do?
Drug enforcement agency
It enforced controlled substance laws and regulations
____ is a legal medical record belonging to the hospital
Patients Chart
What are we responsible for when charting?
- Radiologic procedures
- Informed consents
- Patient hx
- Pt. assessment
- Medications given
What is a brand name?
List some examples:
This name is given to the drug by the particular manufacturer
- Tylenol
- Motrin
Is contrast a legend drug?
Yes , because it requires a prescription
What are limitations of verbal orders?
- They do not constitute a valid prescription
- must be signed by prescriber or else it is not valid
*
____ controlled substance category are legal for prescription but have the highest potential for abuse
*list an example
Schedule C-II drugs
*Morphine
A double lock and key is required for which scheduled controlled substance?
Schedule C II and above
All drugs are regulated by the FDA except?
Herbal and dietary supplements
Name the drug reference that is helpful in determining whether a drug-drug interaction may occur when combination therapy is used
Drug Interaction Facts and Hansten’s Drug Interactions
____ reference tool is Recommended in any practice that deals with pregnant patients or women who breastfeed
Drugs in pregancy and lactation
What is Drugs in pregnancy and lactation reference tool
used with pregnant patients or woman who breastfeed
What is the chemical name for Gastroview
Diatrizoate Meglumine
and
Diatrizoate Sodium
Define pharmacokinetics
The process of how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body
The process of how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body
pharmacokinetics
What factors affect absorption?
- Surface area
- Blood flow
- Dosage form
- Concentration of drug
- Lipophulicity f drug
Which organ is primarily responsible for metabolism?
the liver
What occurs when drug metabolism is delayed?
Cumulative drug doses can lead to overdose effects
What are enteric coated tables
- Tablets designed to pass through gastric area and release active ingredients into small intestine
- prevents gastric upset
Define metabolism
Chemically changes a drug into a metabolite that can be excreted from the body
____ Chemically changes a drug into a metabolite that can be excreted from the body
metabolism
AKA: biotransformation
What is the term for the area of pharmacology that deals with drug administration?
Biopharmaceutics
Biopharmaceutics
area of pharmacology that deals with drug administration?
Define vehicle
a substance into which a drug is compounded for initial delivery into the body.
a substance into which a drug is compounded for initial delivery into the body.
vehicle
What are the dosage forms available for drugs `
Solid
Liquid
Gas
or any combo of 2 of them
____ consists of thin coating of material other than sugar; serves the same function as a sugar but is less expensive to manufacture
Film-coated tablets
What is a film coated tablet
thin coating of material other than sugar;
serves the same function as a sugar but is less expensive to manufacture
____ is drugs given by injection
List examples
Parenteral drug administration
*requires a drug prescription
- Subcutaneous
- Intradermal
- Intramuscular
- IV
The body has 2 barriers to distribution , what are they
- Blood brain barrier
2. Placental barrier
Name 2 properties that affect drug absorption in the body
- Surface area
2. Blood flow to site
Define pharmacodynamics
The study of how the effects of a drug are manifested
The study of how the effects of a drug are manifested
pharmacodynamics
____ enhances the response
agonist
Define half-life
time required for current serum drug concentration to decline by 50% (1/2)
time required for current serum drug concentration to decline by 50% (1/2)
half-life
Define synergism
when two drugs act together to give a pharmacologic response that is greater than the additive response expected
when two drugs act together to give a pharmacologic response that is greater than the additive response expected
synergism
Define efficacy
degree to which a drug is able to produce the desired effect
degree to which a drug is able to produce the desired effect
efficacy
Define allergy reaction
an immune-mediated response by the body against the drug
What do antagonists do?
inhibits or supress the body’s natural response to stimulation
an immune-mediated response by the body against the drug
allergy reaction
when do drug enzyme interaction occur
a drug resembles the substrate to which a enzyme usually attaches
Nonspecific drug interactions
Interactions that does not meet the criteria of Drug enzyme interaction or Drug receptor interaction
Define potency
the relative concentration required to produce the effect
the relative concentration required to produce the effect
potency
Therapeutic index consists of what two ratios
Lethal dose
& effective dose
Side effects vs. adverse effects
side effect is a predictable action on body systems other than the action intended where as adverse effects are ANY unwanted effects
True or false: you can over dose on water?
True
____ Occurs when two or more drugs act in unison to produce additive agonist, synergistic, or antagonist responses
Drug-drug interactions
_____ are lipid lowering medications
Statins
What drug classification to water pills fall under
diuretics
What does Fentanyl do?
It is a narcotic that decreases pain perception
What symptoms do antipsychotic medications treat
- Delusions
- Mania
- Bipolar affective disorder
Chemotherapy agents are toxic to cells in what stage?
growing stage
Metformin and Glucophage- what drug classification are they?
Antiodiabetic medicaiton
Aspirin is what drug classification?
Antiplatelet medications
Name one antihypertensive medication
Lisinopril
Name a diuretic medication
hydrochlorathazide
Name a thrombolytic medication
Alteplase
Name an antihistamine medication
benadryl
Name 2 antiseizure (anticonvulsant) medications
Clonazapam
and
Diazepam
Name one antibiotic medication
Penicillin
Do antiviral medications kill the virus?
No they do not
Name an antifungul medication
Clotrimazole
Clotrimazole is an example of which drug classification
Antifungal
What does ROCM stand for?
Radioopaque contrast media
Define osmosis
movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
Intravascular ROCM have ____ lipid solubility
poor
Aqueous solutions, what are they and when do we use them?
They are enteral ROCM
Used for GI or cardiac shadow exams when barium sulfate is contraidicated
Name the three types of paramagnetic contrast
- Iron
- Manganese
- Gadolinium
Define osmolarity
of miliosmolers per liter of solution
- Concentration of molecules per volume
What are ferumoxides?
Compounds that contain iron particles
- iron from paramagnetic)
Name 2 low-contrast tissues that we used ROCM to visualize on x-ray
Kidneys
GI tract
High kV vs. low kV techniques, which are used for certain anatomy?
- Low kV techniques (<80 kVp) for vasculature and GU tract
* High kV techniques (>90 kVp) for GI tract, to see structures and walls
Define osmolality
of miliosmoler per kg. of water
_____ is highly osmotic
ROCM
Name the manganese compound (brand name is ok) paramagnetic contrast
Gadolinium ( Omniscan)
Serum iodine concentration must be ____ to show vascular lumen
280-370 mg/mL
what is the only low osmolality ionic ROCM in book
Hexabrix
Drug effects can be :
- ___
- ___
- ____
- Therapeutic
- Diagnostic
- Adverse
IV ROCM must be injected at a rate ____than blood flow
higher
Vasovagal reactions are caused by which nerve?
vagus
Define anaphylaxis
immediately life-threatening, systemic hypersensitivity reaction
What is the name of the contrast that can cause fecaliths?
Barium Sulfate
Define mast cells
Connective tissue cells that contain the chemical histamine
Define oliguric
Oliguric- urine output less than or equal to 400 mL/day
What are the reactions of hyperosmolar ROCM
causes osmotic shifts that activate chemoreceptors and baroreceptors, which can cause a vasovagal reaction
High osmolality ROCM can cause the blood to ____, low osmolality ROCM does not appear to have this effect
Thin
Half-normal saline is ____%
0.45 %
What does ARF stand for?
Acute renal failure
What is Combivir?
it is a chemoprophylaxis medication that must be administered within 24 hrs of contact if exposed to HIV
Define claustrophobia
Psychological condition that consists of irrational fear, leading to avoidance
What is the difference between general anesthia and conscious sedation
A higher dose is required for general anesthesia than for conscious sedation.
Therefor general anesthesia requires a mechanical ventilator because a high dose can cause a patient to stop breathing
What is Flumazenil?
it is the reversal drug for antianxiety drugs
What is the most widely used benzodiazepine for conscious sedation?
midazolam
What is naloxone (what is it used for)?
it is the reversal drug for opiates
Define conscious sedation
it is Drug-induced relaxation allowing patient to tolerate unpleasant procedures
Define anxiety
Unpleasant state of inner turmoil, often accompanied by nervous behavior
Unpleasant state of inner turmoil, tension, often accompanied by nervous behavior forwarning danger
anxiety
Name 2 types of emergency life-saving equipment found in a crash cart
- IV equipment
2. Oygen & pulse oximeter
what does GABA stand for
Gamm aminobutyric acid
What are the three drugs that fall under barbiturates?
thiopental
methohexital
phenobarbital
_____ Have conscious sedation action that is longer acting than barbiturates
benzodiazepine
Name one of the three main opiate analgesics used to decrease pain perception
Morphine
Fentynal
Merpedine
Name one adverse effect of opiates
Constipation
Fentanyl is what kind of medication?
Opiate
