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RT 472: pathology/ venipuncture > Ch. 9 Infection Prevention & control > Flashcards

Ch. 9 Infection Prevention & control Flashcards

1
Q

Define microorgnisms

A

Organisms that are too small to be seen w/o a mircroscope

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2
Q

List the 4 types of microorganisms

A
  1. Bacteria
  2. Viruses
  3. Protozoa
  4. Fungi
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3
Q

Unicellular orginsms that can be spherical, rods shaped , sprial or comma is known as?

A

Bateria

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4
Q

How can bacteria be reproduced?

A

by cell division every 20 minutes

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5
Q

____ is toxic to mamals and is responsible for producing high fevers associated with bacterial infections

A

Endotoxins

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6
Q

Define endospores

A

highly resistant forms of bacteria _

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7
Q

Which type of bacteria (gram - or gram + ) is less receptive to antibiotics and why?

A

Gram -

because it has 2 membrane layers which makes is more harder to treat

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8
Q

which microorganism is the simplest form of life

A

viruses

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9
Q

Virsus are found in ____ of the body

A

cells

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10
Q

What are 2 major concerns about viruses

A
  1. Limited drugs available

2. Ability of virus to mutate

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11
Q

Unicellular and colonial organisms that exhibit characteristics of animal life are _____

A

Protozoa

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12
Q

Microoranisms that are capable of causing disease is termed _____

A

Pathogens

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13
Q

What is a necessary component for disease or infection

A
  1. Presence of pathogens
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14
Q

Name the elements of chain of infection

A
  1. pathogen
    (has to be a big enough # to infect the body and virulent)
  2. Reservoirs
    (where organism can thrive and multiply)
  3. Portal of exit
  4. Mode of transport
    (hands, air, water droplets, vectors, formites)
  5. Portal of entry
  6. Host
    (person who has decreased resistance to infection)
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15
Q

How can quantity and virulence of a pathogen be destroyed

A

infection control practices such as :

  • -hand washing ,
  • -sterilzation
  • -disinfecting.
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16
Q

Complete destruction of all microbes by both chemical and physical means

A

Sterilazation

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17
Q

In which period is a patient most infectious?

A

during incubation period

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18
Q

insects or animals that carry disease are known as ____

A

vectors

ex. mosquitos, tics, birds

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19
Q

when a host comes in direct contact with another is known as _____.

A

direct contact

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20
Q

A form of indirect contact is known as ____

A

Fomite

ex.
- x-ray table
- Wall Bucky

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21
Q

Contamination spread by water droplets or dust is known as ____?

A

Airborne

22
Q

List 3 examples of portal of entry

A
  1. open wounds
  2. Skin abrasions
  3. Eyes
23
Q

path through which a pathogen can enter the body of the susceptible host is known as _____.

A

Portal of entry

24
Q

_____ is a person who has reduced resistance to infection

A

susceptible host

25
Q

What is nonsocomial infection

A

Infection acquired during a hospital stay is known as _____.

26
Q

what is the most common nosocomial infection spread in the hospital

A

UTI

27
Q

_____ was created to deal with hepatits , HIV and TB

A

universal precautions

28
Q

Which hepatits is transmitted through feces and oral route

A

Hep A & E

It is acute meaning that you can recover from this

29
Q

Which hepatitis is blood borne

A

Hep B, C &and D

30
Q

Name the virus that reduces the host’s resistance to infection

Which cells does it kill?

A

HIV ( human immunodeficiency virus)

it destroys T-lymphocytes

31
Q

What does AIDS stand for?
What is it?
How does it spread

A

Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome

It is a developed illness stage of an HIV+ person

Transferred through blood

32
Q

What does TB stand ?
What is its nick name ?
How is it spread?

A

Tuberculosis aka: (consumption )

Spread by airborne particles

33
Q

Health care works should try to stop transmission from the ____ to the _____.

A

Reservoir to the susceptible host

34
Q

What stops the infection cycle

A

removing 1 of the 6 steps in the chain of infection

35
Q

The state of being free of living pathogenic organisms

A

Medical asepsis

36
Q

What is the first step in the gloving process

A

Wash hands

37
Q

Gloves should be put on _____ and removed _____

A

last , last

38
Q

What are some instances in which masks, protective eyewear and gowns should be used?

A

During:

  • Cardiac caths
  • Severe trauma
  • Arterograms
39
Q

What is a fomite

Name 3 examples

A

objects that carry pathogens

ex: uniforms, soiled linens and scrubs
bed sheets

40
Q

Contaminated waste disposal is regulated by which 2 agencies?

A

OSHA and EPA

41
Q

What is the primary mode of occupational transmission of HIV and HBV in heath care settings?

A

Needlestick injuries

42
Q

When should sharps container be replaced?

A

when they are 2/3’s full

43
Q

In an instance in which a health care worker is exposed to the parenteral route or mucous membrane with blood or body fluid what medication is given within 24 hrs?

A

a chemoprophylaxis called Combivir

44
Q

What is bacteria?
Name an example
How does it reproduce?

A

Unicellular organisms that can be sphereical, rod shaped, spiral or comma-shaped.

Ex:
Cocci
Bacilli

-It can reproduce every 20 minutes

45
Q

Which gram staining does not retain violet in lab?

A

Gram - because it has a dual lipid membrane

46
Q

What is a virus?
Where does it live?
How does it reproduce?

A
  1. simplest form of life
    - Lives inside the cell
    - Reproduces by using organelles and metabolic functions of the host cell
47
Q

What is a protozoa?
How is it transmitte
How is it classified?

A

Unicellular colonial organism that has characteristics of animal life

  • Transmitted through
  • feces
  • insect bite

Classified according to motility:

  • Amoeba like- feet
  • Flagellate- whips
  • Ciliar - hair
  • Nonmotile aka sessile
48
Q

What is the medical term for fungal disease?

A

Mycoses

49
Q

Describe fungi.

List 3 examples

A
  • Can be pathogenic
  • Need abundant moisture and oxygen
  • Reproduce through spore formation

EX:

  1. Mushrooms
  2. Yeast
  3. Mold
50
Q

What are the 4 modes of transportation

A
  1. Direct contact
  2. Fomite (indirect contact)
  3. Vector

RT 472: pathology/ venipuncture (15 decks)

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