Ch. 9 Infection Prevention & control Flashcards
Define microorgnisms
Organisms that are too small to be seen w/o a mircroscope
List the 4 types of microorganisms
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Protozoa
- Fungi
Unicellular orginsms that can be spherical, rods shaped , sprial or comma is known as?
Bateria
How can bacteria be reproduced?
by cell division every 20 minutes
____ is toxic to mamals and is responsible for producing high fevers associated with bacterial infections
Endotoxins
Define endospores
highly resistant forms of bacteria _
Which type of bacteria (gram - or gram + ) is less receptive to antibiotics and why?
Gram -
because it has 2 membrane layers which makes is more harder to treat
which microorganism is the simplest form of life
viruses
Virsus are found in ____ of the body
cells
What are 2 major concerns about viruses
- Limited drugs available
2. Ability of virus to mutate
Unicellular and colonial organisms that exhibit characteristics of animal life are _____
Protozoa
Microoranisms that are capable of causing disease is termed _____
Pathogens
What is a necessary component for disease or infection
- Presence of pathogens
Name the elements of chain of infection
- pathogen
(has to be a big enough # to infect the body and virulent) - Reservoirs
(where organism can thrive and multiply) - Portal of exit
- Mode of transport
(hands, air, water droplets, vectors, formites) - Portal of entry
- Host
(person who has decreased resistance to infection)
How can quantity and virulence of a pathogen be destroyed
infection control practices such as :
- -hand washing ,
- -sterilzation
- -disinfecting.
Complete destruction of all microbes by both chemical and physical means
Sterilazation
In which period is a patient most infectious?
during incubation period
insects or animals that carry disease are known as ____
vectors
ex. mosquitos, tics, birds
when a host comes in direct contact with another is known as _____.
direct contact
A form of indirect contact is known as ____
Fomite
ex.
- x-ray table
- Wall Bucky
Contamination spread by water droplets or dust is known as ____?
Airborne
List 3 examples of portal of entry
- open wounds
- Skin abrasions
- Eyes
path through which a pathogen can enter the body of the susceptible host is known as _____.
Portal of entry
_____ is a person who has reduced resistance to infection
susceptible host
What is nonsocomial infection
Infection acquired during a hospital stay is known as _____.
what is the most common nosocomial infection spread in the hospital
UTI
_____ was created to deal with hepatits , HIV and TB
universal precautions
Which hepatits is transmitted through feces and oral route
Hep A & E
It is acute meaning that you can recover from this
Which hepatitis is blood borne
Hep B, C &and D
Name the virus that reduces the host’s resistance to infection
Which cells does it kill?
HIV ( human immunodeficiency virus)
it destroys T-lymphocytes
What does AIDS stand for?
What is it?
How does it spread
Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome
It is a developed illness stage of an HIV+ person
Transferred through blood
What does TB stand ?
What is its nick name ?
How is it spread?
Tuberculosis aka: (consumption )
Spread by airborne particles
Health care works should try to stop transmission from the ____ to the _____.
Reservoir to the susceptible host
What stops the infection cycle
removing 1 of the 6 steps in the chain of infection
The state of being free of living pathogenic organisms
Medical asepsis
What is the first step in the gloving process
Wash hands
Gloves should be put on _____ and removed _____
last , last
What are some instances in which masks, protective eyewear and gowns should be used?
During:
- Cardiac caths
- Severe trauma
- Arterograms
What is a fomite
Name 3 examples
objects that carry pathogens
ex: uniforms, soiled linens and scrubs
bed sheets
Contaminated waste disposal is regulated by which 2 agencies?
OSHA and EPA
What is the primary mode of occupational transmission of HIV and HBV in heath care settings?
Needlestick injuries
When should sharps container be replaced?
when they are 2/3’s full
In an instance in which a health care worker is exposed to the parenteral route or mucous membrane with blood or body fluid what medication is given within 24 hrs?
a chemoprophylaxis called Combivir
What is bacteria?
Name an example
How does it reproduce?
Unicellular organisms that can be sphereical, rod shaped, spiral or comma-shaped.
Ex:
Cocci
Bacilli
-It can reproduce every 20 minutes
Which gram staining does not retain violet in lab?
Gram - because it has a dual lipid membrane
What is a virus?
Where does it live?
How does it reproduce?
- simplest form of life
- Lives inside the cell
- Reproduces by using organelles and metabolic functions of the host cell
What is a protozoa?
How is it transmitte
How is it classified?
Unicellular colonial organism that has characteristics of animal life
- Transmitted through
- feces
- insect bite
Classified according to motility:
- Amoeba like- feet
- Flagellate- whips
- Ciliar - hair
- Nonmotile aka sessile
What is the medical term for fungal disease?
Mycoses
Describe fungi.
List 3 examples
- Can be pathogenic
- Need abundant moisture and oxygen
- Reproduce through spore formation
EX:
- Mushrooms
- Yeast
- Mold
What are the 4 modes of transportation
- Direct contact
- Fomite (indirect contact)
- Vector
