ch.4

Question 1

Define pharmacodynamics

Answer 1

The study of how the effects of a drug are manifested

Question 2

_____ is The study of how the effects of a drug are manifested

Answer 2

pharmacodynamics

Question 3

What is the mechanism of action

Answer 3

Method by which a drug elicts effects

( how the drug shows that it is working)

3 methods
____
1. Drug -receptor interaction

2. Drug enzyme interaction
3. Nonspecific drug interactions

Question 4

List the 3 methods of mechanism of action

Answer 4

1. Drug-receptor interactions
   - —-A. Stimulation (Agonist)
   - —-B. Blockade ( antagnoist)
2. Drug enzyme interactions
3. Non specific interactions

Question 5

What is an example of drug interactions…

Define that

Answer 5

Non specific interaction

It is a not specific interaction that does not meet criteria of drug receptor or drug enzyme

Question 6

Specific biological sites located on a cell surface or within a cell is known as ____

Answer 6

Receptors

– Like keyholes in which certain drugs will fit in

Question 7

Drugs will have an affinity (attraction) for ____ only

Answer 7

specific cells

Question 8

What is Antagonist

Answer 8

When drug stops or blocks a cell from performing some function

Question 9

What is the function of an agonist

Answer 9

Stimulates/ enhances the body’s natural response to stimulation

Question 10

Strong affinity ( attraction) for a receptor allows a a drug to elicit 1 of 3 things

1) ____
2) ____
3) ____

Answer 10

1. Agonist
2. Antagonist
3. mixed agonist/ antagonist

Question 11

Any organ or organ system in the body on or in which the desired effect occurs

Answer 11

Target organ

Question 12

Name the drug receptor interaction

Answer 12

1. Stimulation ( Agonist)

2. Blockade
Antagonist

Question 13

Enzymes are generally considered _____ and why?

Answer 13

catalyst

because the initiate biochemical reactions

Question 14

When does a drug enzyme interaction occur?

Answer 14

When a drug resembles the substrate to which an enzyme usually attaches

Question 15

Define efficacy

Answer 15

aka: Effectiveness
Degree to which a drug is able to produce the desired effect

( how well the drug works)

Question 16

Define potency

Answer 16

Relative concentration required to produce the effect

Question 17

Define half life of drug response relationshios

Answer 17

Time required for current serum drug concentration to decline by 50%

Question 18

ratio between lethal dose & effective dose

Answer 18

Therapeutic Index

Question 19

the dose at which a drug is lethal to 50% of the population

Answer 19

Lethal dose

Question 20

The dose required to produce a therapeutic effect in a 50% of the population

Answer 20

Effective dose

Question 21

the closer the ratio is to ____ , the more dangerous the drug

Answer 21

1

• you always want LD 50 to be a high #, greater than 1

Question 22

Define adverse effect

Answer 22

Any unwanted effect

always bad

Question 23

what is side efffect

Answer 23

Predictable pharmacologic action on body systems other than the action intended

• good or bad

Question 24

When can a normal dose can become toxic

Answer 24

if metabolism or elimination is impaired

Question 25

Can an allergic reaction be a side effect?

Answer 25

No because it is not a predictable effect

Question 26

Toxicity and allergic reactions are always considered ____ effect.

Answer 26

Adverse

Question 27

No drugs are completely _____!!

Answer 27

Safe ,

there is always a toxic level

Question 28

____ is when two drugs act together to give a pharmacologic response that is greater than the additive response expected

Answer 28

synergism

Question 29

____ is when two drugs with different chemical composition are paced together, they may precipitate to an insoluble complex or may chemically destroy their activity

Answer 29

Chemical incompatibility