Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RT 472: pathology/ venipuncture > ch. 6 > Flashcards

ch. 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What does ROCM stand for?

What is it used for?

A

Radiopaque contrast media

high density agents used to visualize low-contrast tissues in the body

ex:
kidneys
GI tract
Biliary tree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the most common types of ROCM?

A

Iodine : atomic # 53

Barium : atomic #56

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What ROCM is used for vasculature and GU tract?

A

Iodine

uses a lower KV (under 80) because it has a lower atomic #

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What ROCM is used for GI tract?

A

Barium

uses high kvp (over 90) because it has a high atomic #

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

_____ is a direct function of iodine percentage of iodine

A

Radiopacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the difference between parenteral vs enteral

A

parenteral is something that is injected

and enteral is administration rectally or orally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is ionic vs nonionic ?

A

ionic =
unstable atoms, more reactive inducing in body, cheaper

nonionic
safer than ionic
more expensive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Concentration of molecules per weight of water is known as_____.

A

Osmolality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 3 properties of iodine

A
  1. Parenteral vs enteral
  2. ionic vs nonionic
  3. High osmolarity vs low osmolarity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Movement of water across the semipermeable membrane is known as_____.

A

Osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define osmosis

A

Movement of water across the semipermeable membrane

-usually done through passive diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define Osmolality

A

Concentration of molecules per weight of water

Measured in milliosmoles per kg of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Measure of solute concentration in a solution is known as _____.

A

Osmolarity

Measured in milliosmoles per liter of solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Osmolality is measured in ___ of water where as Osmolarity is measured in ____ of solution

A
  1. kg

2. liter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

of milliosmoles per kg of water is known as _____

A

Osmolality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

of milliosmoles per liter of solution is known as _____

A

Osmolarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

_____ is highly osmotic

A

ROCM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What occurs when contrast is placed into the bloodstream (IV)

A

causes extravascular fluid to be drawn into the blood stream .

Causes:
Flushing effect
cardiac effects
renal effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the concern when injecting contrast through IV

A

Causes:

  • Osmotic shifts
  • Increasing blood volume

and if kidneys and heart do not work well to eliminate the excess fluid it can cause further problems.

20
Q

What are 3 types of IV contrast

A
  1. High osmolarity ionic
  2. Low osmolarity nonionic
  3. Low osmolarity ionic
21
Q

What is the only low osmolarity ionic contrast

A

Hexabrix

22
Q

What occurs in the body when High osmolarity ionic ROCM is injected

A
  • contains 3 iodine atoms per molecue
  • Those atoms break down into 1 of 2
    —- Radiopaque anion (- charge)
    : this will absorb the x-ray)

or:

—- Once cation ( + charge)

23
Q

What type of IV contrast is most

  1. dangerous
  2. and safest overall?
A
  1. High osmolarity ionic ROCM

2. Low osmolarity non ionic

24
Q

____ does not dissociate ( break down) in solution

A

Low osmolarity non ionic

  • 1 osmotically active particle for every 3 iodine atoms
25
Q

____ has 6 iodine atoms and 2 dissociated particles per molecule

A

Low osmolarity ionic ROCM

=Hexabrix

26
Q

Intravascular ROCM has poor _____

A

lipid solubility

therefore they do not cross cellular membrane and stay primarily in the bloodstream

27
Q

Intravascular ROCM provide immediate visibility of:

  1. ___
  2. ___
  3. __
A
  1. Veins & arteries after rapid injection

2, Heart & major thoracic vessels

  1. Urinary tract
    * 15 min= rapid infustion
    * 30 minutes =Slow infusion
28
Q

____ mostly stops ROCM from entering CNS

A

Blood brain barrier

29
Q

When is the only time you will see contrast in the brain

A

when there are brain tumors because they have vascular supply

  • takes 40 minuets
30
Q

Kidneys become opaque in which steps : Kidney opacification

A
  1. Renal parenchyma
  2. Tubular structures, renal calyces a& renal eplvis
  3. Ureters
  4. Bladder
31
Q

In normal renal function , ____% of IV contrast will be excreted within ____ hrs.

A
  1. 100%

2. 24 hrs.

32
Q

Where does the ureter meet the bladder

A

UVJ

uretovesical junction

33
Q

What blood work is used to check for kidney function

A

BUN/Creatine

34
Q

____ ROCM is used just for cholangiography

*how is it eliminated?

A

Iodamide Meglumine

excreted primarily by the hepatic biliary system

  • has been replaced with US & CT
35
Q

____ ROCM is used for GI system

A

Enteral

36
Q

What are the 3 types of enteral ROCM

A
  1. Aqueous solution
  2. Suspensions
  3. Tablets
37
Q

____ is used when barium is contraindicated

A

Aqueous solution

ex: Gastrogafin

38
Q

Describe aqueous solutions:

A
  • Used when Ba is contraindicated
  • Oral & rectal use
  • Not absorbed through GI tract & stays in the lumen
  • High osmolarity
39
Q

____ is a typical suspension used

A

Barium

40
Q

Describe Suspension

A
  • ex- Barium
  • excreted through feces
  • Preferred for GI exams
41
Q

Describe enteral tablets

A
  • Ex: Iocetamic acid
  • excreted through urine
  • Used for Gallbladder
42
Q

Paramagnetic contrast agents are used for:

name an example

A 
MRI
ex: Gadolinium 
Iron
manganese
* high osmolarity
43
Q

What is the difference between contrast and gadolinium

A

Contrast does not cross the brain barrier and does not leave the vessel

Gadolinium does

44
Q

____ are useful in identifying hepatic lesions and lymphatic tissue lesions

A

Iron compounds
( paramagnetic contrast agents )

  • low osmolality
45
Q

____ are used to identify cancers that have hepatocyte’s

A

Manganese compounds

paramagnetic compounds

46
Q

Contrast used in ultrasounds is known as_____

A

ultrasound Microbubble agents

RT 472: pathology/ venipuncture (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions