Final Flashcards
who dominated long distance trade routes during medieval times?
The Italians
what was the most significant conflict between church and state in medieval europe
the appointment of religous leaders by secular rulers, investite conflict
what will become the rallying cry for the crusaders throughout crusades
God wills it
Legends of this orders secret rituals, huge wealth and lost treasures have long fascinated conspiracy theorists for centuries
The Knights Templar
Signifance of the battle of hastins
- England political shift from the scandinavian world to continental europe
- The doomsday book
- The birth of modern english language
explain the 2 important provisions within the magna carta
-protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment (Habeas Corpus)
-new taxation only with barional consent and limitations on scutage
By 1215 the mongols had conqurened most of china under their powerful leader
genghis khan
who was the most famous of all venetian merchants?
Marco polo
name the great plague that ends in 1352 with the deaths of 1/3 of 3/5 of the european population
the black death
what french peasant girl turned the longstanding anglo-french conflict into a religious war
Joan of Arc
the renaissance originated in what italian city
Florence
define the columbian exchange
the movement of people, animals, plants, manufactured goods, precious metals, and diseases between europe, america and africa
what were martin luther’s 2 major issues with the church
salvation and indulgences
pope paul created a new order of priests. what was this new order of priests called
The Jesuits
what was the name of the most influential royal houses of europe?
the house of habsburg
what were french calvinists called
hugeonuts
in response to the execution of the catholic monarch, mary queen of scots, phillip II of spain
sent the famous spanish armada to crush england
name the king who was an ardent believer in the divine right of kings and will create a system of absolute monarchical rule?
Louis XIV
define absolutism
a system of government in which the ruler claims sole and uncontestable power
define mercantilism
governments must intervene to increase national wealth by whatever means possible
name given to those who fought for parliament
round heads
name given to those who fought for the king
cavaliers
the cromwellian rump parliament then abolished the monarchy and the house of lords and set up a puritan republic known as the
common wealth of england
john locke argues that governments only purpose was to protect what
life, liberty, and property
define the following: a mestizo b. peninsular c. creoles
a. a person born to a spanish father and a native mother
b. those born in spain
c. born in america of spanish parents
explain the strategic importance of the creation of the bank of england
enabled the government to raise money at low interest for the foreign wars
what city symbolized russia’s opening to the west
st petersburg
what were 2 central doctrines of the enlightenment philsophers
individual liberty, religious tolerance
what were 3 main reasons for immigration to the new world
economic, political, religious freedom
who were the executive authority in the colonies, tasked with carrying out the kings instructions
royal governors
list the 4 coercive acts
boston port at
massachusetts government act
impartial administration of justice act
quartering act
the 2nd continental congress issues a declaration of independence on what day
july 4, 1776
know what the estates general is
3 classes called estates, or the orders of france
1. clergy
2. nobility
3. everyone else
know what the declaration of the rights of man and citizen proclaimed
men are born equal and remain free and equal in rights
know what the slogans and values that will define the french revolution are
liberty, equality, fraternity
know the rosetta stone
2nd century b.c. artifact that will unlock the ancient egyptian culture
know abt the congress of vienna
the objective was to provide a long term peace plan for europe by settling critical issues arising from the french revolutionary wars and the napoleonic wars
america’s reaction to the political instability in south america during the 1820s was
monroe doctrine
causes of ww1
nationalism
imperialism, imperial rivalries
entangling alliances
militarism, germany’s rise as a world power
reasons for american involvement
economic
unrestricted submarine warfare
anti-german propaganda
war guilt clause
this forced germany to accept responsibility for the war
league of nations
point 14, general association of nations to acquire the security of great and small nations alike
NAZI
national socialist german workers party
results of the failed putsch
the trial publicity makes hitler a national figure
appeasement
western democracies policy, accepting hitler’s demands in order to avoid conflict
sept 1, 1939
hitler invades poland, ww2 begins
rommel
field marshal erwin rommel, desert fox
reasons hitler invades russia
temptation of invasion was too great. its the heart of communism, where lebensraum is to be found, has the largest jewish population in the world
lend lease
the us will give $46 billion in aid
axis countries and leaders
germany- adolf hitler
italy- benito mussolini
japan- hideki tojo
allied countries and leaders
america- fdr
russia- joseph stalin
england- winston churchill
china
d-day
june 6, 1941 allies invade normandy in france
conference considered sellout by fdr
the yalta conference
supreme allied commander in europe
dwight d. eisenhower
Japan sought to establish what they called the
greater east asia co. prosperity sphere
for the military, the highest honor they could gain in battle
what was a disgrace
die for their emperor, surrender
is ordered by FDR to leave for australia where he issues his famous __________ declaration
general douglas macarthur, I shall return
76,000 american and filipino troops surrender
the bataan death march
japanese navy is stopped in the attempt to capture port moresby
battle of coral sea
commander and chief of the US pacific theater during WW2
chester W nimite
who was the emperor during WW2
Emperor Hirohito
supreme allied commander of the pacific theater during WW2
douglas Mcauthor
led the air raid on tokeyo
jimmy doolittle
americans at home followed the war
Newstreets
were placed in the windows of americans who lost loved ones during the war
gold stars
it is the turning point of the war in the pacific
the battle of midway
1st land victory for america in the pacific
battle of guadalcanal
most famous image of ww2, classic flag rasing
battle of iwo jima
1sr assault on the japanese home lands
battle of Okinawa
kamikazes
divine wind
code name for the atomic bomb project
the manhattan project
1st nuclear explosion was on US soil, july 16 1945
trinity
on august 15, 1945 japan surrenders
VJ day
will be the military governor of occupied japan
general douglas mcauthor
the internment of japanese americans
japanese americans were targeted as a potentially disloyal.they were viewed as potential spies for the japanese government
offered the benefits of free college education to returning veterans
the G.I. bill of rights
